The viral pathogen that frequently causes acute diarrhea in young children is:
Rotavirus.
Salmonella organisms.
Shigella organisms.
Giardia organisms.
The Correct Answer is A
The correct answer is choice A: Rotavirus.
Choice A rationale:
Rotavirus is a viral pathogen that frequently causes acute diarrhea in young children. It is highly contagious and is responsible for a significant portion of severe diarrhea cases worldwide. Rotavirus infections are most common in infants and young children, and they can lead to dehydration, especially in developing countries where access to clean water and proper sanitation might be limited.
Choice B rationale:
Salmonella organisms can cause food poisoning and gastrointestinal infections that lead to diarrhea. However, they are more commonly associated with bacterial infections rather than viral-induced acute diarrhea.
Choice C rationale:
Shigella organisms are also bacterial pathogens that cause diarrhea, specifically bacillary dysentery. While they can cause severe diarrhea, they are not the viral pathogen typically responsible for acute diarrhea in young children.
Choice D rationale:
Giardia organisms are parasites that can cause gastrointestinal infections leading to diarrhea. However, they are not viruses, and they are less commonly associated with acute diarrhea in children compared to rotavirus.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct answer is choice A: Avoiding use for more than 3 days.
Choice A rationale:
Recommending avoiding the use of decongestant nose drops for more than 3 days is crucial due to the risk of rebound congestion. Decongestant nose drops work by constricting blood vessels in the nasal passages to alleviate congestion. Prolonged use can lead to a phenomenon known as rebound congestion, where the nasal passages become more congested once the medication wears off, causing the person to use the drops more frequently. This can result in a cycle of worsening congestion and overuse of the medication, which can be counterproductive and harmful. Limiting the use of decongestant nose drops to 3 days helps prevent this rebound effect and encourages the use of alternative treatments if congestion persists.
Choice B rationale:
Administering drops until nasal congestion subsides is not the recommended approach. Prolonged use of decongestant nose drops can lead to rebound congestion, as mentioned earlier. Using the drops until congestion subsides might extend their use beyond the safe period and increase the risk of adverse effects.
Choice C rationale:
Keeping drops to use again for nasal congestion is not advised. While it's important to follow the medication's storage instructions, relying on decongestant nose drops for recurring nasal congestion can lead to overuse and rebound congestion. This choice does not address the potential risks associated with prolonged use.
Choice D rationale:
Administering drops after feedings and at bedtime is not a standard recommendation for decongestant nose drops. The timing of administration is not a primary concern in the context of decongestant use. Instead, the focus should be on the duration of use and the potential for rebound congestion.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The correct answer is choice B: "I have to stay on strict bed rest for 3 days."
Choice A rationale:
The statement "I should avoid tub baths but may shower" is correct. After a cardiac catheterization, the patient needs to keep the insertion site clean and dry to prevent infection. Showering is allowed, but tub baths should be avoided to minimize the risk of introducing water into the insertion site.
Choice B rationale:
The statement "I have to stay on strict bed rest for 3 days" is incorrect. Bed rest is not typically required after a cardiac catheterization. While the patient might need to lie flat for a few hours after the procedure to prevent bleeding and ensure hemostasis, strict bed rest for three days is unnecessary and could lead to complications like deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or deconditioning.
Choice C rationale:
The statement "I may attend school but should avoid exercise for several days" is correct. Attending school is generally acceptable after a cardiac catheterization, but exercise should be limited for several days to allow the insertion site to heal and to prevent complications like bleeding or hematoma formation.
Choice D rationale:
The statement "I should remove the pressure dressing the day after the procedure" is correct. Pressure dressings are typically removed by healthcare professionals after a specified period, which is usually around 24 hours after the procedure. Removing the dressing on their own the day after the procedure could lead to disruption of the wound and increase the risk of infection.
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