A nurse is planning care for a school-age child diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Which insulin preparations are either rapid or short acting? (Select all that apply.).

The correct answers are Choice A: Diabetes mellitus, Choice E: Urinary tract infection (UTI).

Choice A rationale:

Diabetes mellitus. This is one of the correct choices. Diabetes can lead to increased urinary frequency, urgency, and secondary enuresis (bedwetting) due to the impact of elevated blood glucose levels on the kidneys and bladder function.

Choice B rationale:

Hypocalciuria is not directly relevant to evaluating secondary enuresis with dysuria or urgency. Hypocalciuria refers to a lower-than-normal level of calcium in the urine and is not a common cause of urinary symptoms in this context.

Choice C rationale:

Nephrotic syndrome primarily involves the kidneys and is characterized by proteinuria, edema, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia. While it can cause changes in urinary patterns, it is not typically associated with dysuria or urgency.

Choice D rationale:

Glomerulonephritis refers to inflammation of the glomeruli, which are the tiny filters in the kidneys. It can lead to hematuria (blood in the urine) and proteinuria, but it is not commonly associated with dysuria or urgency.

Choice E rationale:

Urinary tract infection (UTI). This is one of the correct choices. UTIs can cause symptoms such as dysuria (painful urination), urgency, and frequency. These symptoms are especially relevant in the context of evaluating a child with secondary enuresis.

The correct answer is choice C. Explain in simple terms how it works.

Choice A rationale:

Asking the girl why she wants to know might be appropriate in some contexts, but children are naturally curious and seeking information is a common behavior. Explaining how the blood pressure apparatus works would likely be more beneficial than questioning her motivation.

Choice B rationale:

Determining why she is anxious assumes that the girl is anxious, which might not be the case. Additionally, the question she asked does not necessarily indicate anxiety, but rather a curiosity about the medical equipment.

Choice C rationale:

Explaining in simple terms how the blood pressure apparatus works is the most appropriate nursing action. This approach respects the child's curiosity and provides her with age-appropriate information, fostering a positive and educational interaction.

Choice D rationale:

Telling her that she will see how it works as it is used might not fully satisfy her curiosity or address her immediate question. Children often benefit from clear and concise explanations, especially when it comes to medical equipment.