Calcium carbonate is given with meals to a child with chronic renal disease. The purpose of this is to achieve which desired result?
Bind phosphorus.
Increase absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
Stimulate appetite.
Prevent vomiting.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
Calcium carbonate is often given with meals to individuals with chronic renal disease, especially those on dialysis. One of the primary purposes is to bind dietary phosphorus in the gastrointestinal tract. In chronic renal disease, the kidneys are less effective at filtering out excess phosphorus from the blood, leading to elevated phosphorus levels (hyperphosphatemia). Elevated phosphorus levels can contribute to bone and mineral disorders in these patients. Calcium carbonate forms insoluble calcium phosphate complexes with dietary phosphorus, preventing its absorption and facilitating its elimination from the body through the feces.
Choice B rationale:
While calcium carbonate can interact with fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin D, the primary reason for administering it to individuals with chronic renal disease is to manage phosphorus levels. Calcium carbonate can bind phosphorus and prevent its absorption, which is particularly important for patients with compromised kidney function.
Choice C rationale:
Stimulating appetite is not a primary purpose of administering calcium carbonate to children with chronic renal disease. The main focus is on managing phosphorus levels and preventing complications associated with hyperphosphatemia.
Choice D rationale:
Preventing vomiting is not a primary purpose of giving calcium carbonate to children with chronic renal disease. Calcium carbonate is typically used to manage phosphorus levels and complications related to hyperphosphatemia in this population.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The correct answer is Choice D: Refer children with sore throats for throat cultures.
Choice A rationale:
Recommending salicylates instead of acetaminophen for minor discomforts is not relevant to the prevention of rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever is primarily associated with untreated streptococcal infections, particularly streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat), which can lead to complications such as rheumatic fever if left untreated. The choice of pain relievers like salicylates or acetaminophen doesn't play a significant role in preventing rheumatic fever.
Choice B rationale:
Encouraging routine cholesterol screenings is not relevant to the prevention of rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever is an immune-mediated inflammatory response to certain strains of Streptococcus bacteria, particularly Streptococcus pyogenes. Cholesterol screenings are more related to assessing cardiovascular risk and are not directly linked to preventing rheumatic fever.
Choice C rationale:
Conducting routine blood pressure screenings is not directly related to the prevention of rheumatic fever. Blood pressure screenings are important for identifying hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors, but they do not have a direct impact on preventing rheumatic fever, which is primarily a complication of untreated streptococcal infections.
Choice D rationale:
Refer children with sore throats for throat cultures. This is the correct choice. Rheumatic fever often develops as a result of untreated streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat). Throat cultures are crucial for diagnosing streptococcal infections and determining the appropriate course of treatment with antibiotics. By identifying and treating streptococcal infections promptly, the risk of developing rheumatic fever can be significantly reduced.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
A goiter refers to the enlargement or hypertrophy of the thyroid gland. This can occur due to various reasons, such as iodine deficiency, autoimmune disorders like Hashimoto's thyroiditis, or Graves' disease (which is associated with hyperthyroidism). The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism and growth, and when it becomes enlarged, it can lead to visible swelling in the neck.
Choice B rationale:
The posterior pituitary gland is responsible for the release of hormones like vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin. A goiter is not associated with the posterior pituitary gland. Issues with the posterior pituitary can lead to problems with water balance and uterine contractions, but not thyroid enlargement.
Choice C rationale:
The adrenal glands are responsible for producing hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. While adrenal disorders can lead to various hormonal imbalances, a goiter is not related to adrenal gland function. Adrenal issues might cause symptoms like fatigue, weight changes, and blood pressure irregularities.
Choice D rationale:
The anterior pituitary gland produces hormones that regulate the functions of other endocrine glands, including the thyroid gland. However, a goiter is not directly associated with the anterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary's malfunction can result in disorders like growth hormone deficiency or Cushing's disease, but not thyroid enlargement.
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