A child has a chronic, nonproductive cough and diffuse wheezing during the expiratory phase of respiration. This suggests which respiratory condition?
Foreign body in the trachea.
Bronchiolitis.
Asthma.
Pneumonia.
The Correct Answer is C
The correct answer is choice C. Asthma.
Choice A rationale:
A foreign body in the trachea can cause acute respiratory distress and a sudden cough, but it is unlikely to cause chronic nonproductive cough and diffuse wheezing during the expiratory phase of respiration. The symptoms in the scenario are more suggestive of a chronic condition.
Choice B rationale:
Bronchiolitis primarily affects infants and young children, causing symptoms such as fever, rhinorrhea, and wheezing. While wheezing can be present, the diffuse wheezing during the expiratory phase described in the scenario is more characteristic of asthma.
Choice C rationale:
Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways, leading to episodes of bronchoconstriction and increased airway reactivity. The chronic, nonproductive cough and diffuse wheezing during the expiratory phase are classic signs of asthma. Expiratory phase wheezing occurs due to the narrowing of the smaller airways during expiration.
Choice D rationale:
Pneumonia is an infection of the lung tissue and can cause productive cough, fever, and crackles on auscultation. While wheezing might occur in pneumonia due to inflammation and narrowing of the airways, it's not the most likely cause of the symptoms described in the scenario.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The correct answer is choice C. Therapeutic management includes administration of gamma globulin and aspirin.
Choice A rationale:
The child's fever in Kawasaki disease is not usually responsive to antibiotics within 48 hours. Kawasaki disease is an inflammatory condition of blood vessels, and it doesn't typically respond to antibiotics. The fever associated with Kawasaki disease often persists even with appropriate treatment, and the management focuses on reducing inflammation and preventing complications.
Choice B rationale:
Aspirin is not contraindicated in Kawasaki disease. In fact, aspirin is a key component of the therapeutic management of Kawasaki disease. It is used to reduce inflammation and prevent the development of coronary artery aneurysms, a severe complication of the disease. However, the dosing of aspirin in Kawasaki disease is different from its use for pain relief, and it should be administered under medical supervision.
Choice C rationale:
Therapeutic management of Kawasaki disease does include administration of gamma globulin and aspirin. Gamma globulin is given to reduce the risk of coronary artery involvement and aneurysm formation. Aspirin, at a specific dose regimen, is used to decrease inflammation and platelet aggregation, thus preventing clot formation in the coronary arteries.
Choice D rationale:
The principal area of involvement in Kawasaki disease is not the joints. Kawasaki disease primarily affects the blood vessels, particularly the coronary arteries. The inflammation of these arteries can lead to the development of coronary artery aneurysms, which is a critical concern in Kawasaki disease. Joint involvement is not a prominent feature of this condition.
Correct Answer is ["A","E"]
Explanation
The correct answers are Choice A: Diabetes mellitus, Choice E: Urinary tract infection (UTI).
Choice A rationale:
Diabetes mellitus. This is one of the correct choices. Diabetes can lead to increased urinary frequency, urgency, and secondary enuresis (bedwetting) due to the impact of elevated blood glucose levels on the kidneys and bladder function.
Choice B rationale:
Hypocalciuria is not directly relevant to evaluating secondary enuresis with dysuria or urgency. Hypocalciuria refers to a lower-than-normal level of calcium in the urine and is not a common cause of urinary symptoms in this context.
Choice C rationale:
Nephrotic syndrome primarily involves the kidneys and is characterized by proteinuria, edema, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia. While it can cause changes in urinary patterns, it is not typically associated with dysuria or urgency.
Choice D rationale:
Glomerulonephritis refers to inflammation of the glomeruli, which are the tiny filters in the kidneys. It can lead to hematuria (blood in the urine) and proteinuria, but it is not commonly associated with dysuria or urgency.
Choice E rationale:
Urinary tract infection (UTI). This is one of the correct choices. UTIs can cause symptoms such as dysuria (painful urination), urgency, and frequency. These symptoms are especially relevant in the context of evaluating a child with secondary enuresis.
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