A charge nurse is educating a newly licensed nurse about fluid and electrolyte balance. Which of the following manifestations should the newly licensed nurse identify as a sign of magnesium sulfate toxicity?

A. A 25-gauge needle: This needle is too small and inappropriate for accessing a venous access port. It also risks damaging the port septum and does not allow for adequate flow during infusions.
B. A noncoring needle: A noncoring (Huber) needle is specifically designed for accessing implanted ports. Its design prevents damage to the port’s septum and allows for repeated, safe access without compromising integrity.
C. A butterfly needle: Butterfly needles are intended for short-term peripheral venous access and are not designed for port access. Using one could damage the port or increase infection risk.
D. An angiocatheter: Angiocatheters are used for peripheral IV access, not for implanted ports. They do not have the correct tip design to safely access the septum of a port without causing damage.

A. Place the newborn in the prone position: The supine position is recommended for newborns to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Phototherapy does not change this guideline, and the baby should be placed on their back.
B. Offer glucose water after each feeding: Glucose water is not recommended as a supplement. Breast milk or formula provides sufficient nutrition and hydration. The focus should be on maintaining regular feedings to support bilirubin excretion.
C. Apply lotion to the newborn's exposed skin: Lotions and ointments should be avoided during phototherapy because they can cause skin irritation or even burns when exposed to the phototherapy lights.
D. Cover the newborn's eyes with a mask: The eyes must be protected during phototherapy to prevent retinal damage from the intense light exposure. A properly fitted eye mask should be used and checked regularly for correct placement.