A school nurse is assessing a child who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of hypoglycemia?
Polyuria
Fruity breath
Diaphoresis
Polyphagia
The Correct Answer is C
A. Polyuria: Polyuria results from hyperglycemia, where excess glucose in the bloodstream leads to osmotic diuresis. This causes the kidneys to excrete more water, increasing urination frequency. It is not a feature of hypoglycemia.
B. Fruity breath: Fruity-scented breath is due to ketone buildup in diabetic ketoacidosis, a complication of prolonged hyperglycemia. It signals metabolic acidosis rather than low blood sugar levels.
C. Diaphoresis: Diaphoresis occurs during hypoglycemia as the body releases epinephrine in response to falling glucose. This triggers sweating, tremors, and palpitations as part of the autonomic response.
D. Polyphagia: Polyphagia is a symptom of hyperglycemia, where cells are starved of glucose despite its presence in the blood. This leads to increased hunger, not typically seen in acute hypoglycemia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. "You may experience a decrease in your blood pressure while taking this medication.": Orthostatic hypotension is a possible side effect, but it's not as common or specific as sedation-related concerns for this medication.
B. "You may experience weight loss while taking this medication.": Doxepin, a tricyclic antidepressant, is more commonly associated with weight gain due to increased appetite, not weight loss.
C. "You may experience diarrhea while taking this medication.": Doxepin is more likely to cause constipation rather than diarrhea due to its anticholinergic effects.
D. "You may experience insomnia if you take this medication later in the day.": Doxepin has sedative properties. Taking it late in the day can disrupt the natural sleep-wake cycle, paradoxically leading to sleep disturbances or difficulty initiating restful sleep.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Atrial fibrillation: Atrial fibrillation is characterized by an irregularly irregular rhythm and the absence of identifiable P waves. It does not present with a consistent PR interval, making this an incorrect match for the findings.
B. First-degree atrioventricular block: This rhythm is defined by a consistently prolonged PR interval greater than 0.20 seconds with every P wave followed by a QRS complex. A PR interval of 0.35 seconds fits this definition, making this the correct answer.
C. Complete heart block: In third-degree or complete heart block, there is no relationship between P waves and QRS complexes—the atria and ventricles beat independently. The PR interval varies and is not constant.
D. Premature atrial complexes: These are early beats originating from the atria, often with a shortened or normal PR interval and an abnormal P wave. A consistently prolonged PR interval is not characteristic of PACs.
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