A school nurse is assessing a child who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of hypoglycemia?
Polyuria
Fruity breath
Diaphoresis
Polyphagia
The Correct Answer is C
A. Polyuria: Polyuria results from hyperglycemia, where excess glucose in the bloodstream leads to osmotic diuresis. This causes the kidneys to excrete more water, increasing urination frequency. It is not a feature of hypoglycemia.
B. Fruity breath: Fruity-scented breath is due to ketone buildup in diabetic ketoacidosis, a complication of prolonged hyperglycemia. It signals metabolic acidosis rather than low blood sugar levels.
C. Diaphoresis: Diaphoresis occurs during hypoglycemia as the body releases epinephrine in response to falling glucose. This triggers sweating, tremors, and palpitations as part of the autonomic response.
D. Polyphagia: Polyphagia is a symptom of hyperglycemia, where cells are starved of glucose despite its presence in the blood. This leads to increased hunger, not typically seen in acute hypoglycemia.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. 2+ deep-tendon reflexes: This is a normal reflex response and indicates that magnesium levels are not excessively high. Diminished or absent reflexes would be a more concerning sign of toxicity.
B. Respiratory rate 10/min: A respiratory rate below 12/min suggests respiratory depression, which is a serious adverse effect of magnesium sulfate toxicity. This is the priority finding requiring immediate intervention.
C. Urinary output 35 mL/hr: This is slightly above the minimum expected output of 30 mL/hr. While renal function must be monitored to prevent magnesium accumulation, this rate is adequate for now.
D. Pedal edema: Edema is common in preeclampsia and is not an urgent concern compared to signs of magnesium toxicity such as respiratory depression.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. "Season foods with salt and pepper.": Spicy and seasoned foods can irritate the gastric mucosa, potentially worsening gastritis symptoms, so this advice is not appropriate.
B. "Eat small frequent meals daily.": Smaller, more frequent meals help reduce gastric acid secretion and minimize irritation of the stomach lining, which can alleviate symptoms of gastritis and promote healing.
C. "Use ibuprofen as needed for discomfort.": Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen can exacerbate gastritis by irritating the stomach lining and increasing the risk of bleeding, so they should be avoided.
D. "Take a Vitamin E supplement daily.": There is no clear evidence supporting the use of vitamin E supplements for gastritis management, and supplementation is not a standard recommendation in this condition.
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