A school nurse is assessing a child who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of hypoglycemia?
Polyuria
Fruity breath
Diaphoresis
Polyphagia
The Correct Answer is C
A. Polyuria: Polyuria results from hyperglycemia, where excess glucose in the bloodstream leads to osmotic diuresis. This causes the kidneys to excrete more water, increasing urination frequency. It is not a feature of hypoglycemia.
B. Fruity breath: Fruity-scented breath is due to ketone buildup in diabetic ketoacidosis, a complication of prolonged hyperglycemia. It signals metabolic acidosis rather than low blood sugar levels.
C. Diaphoresis: Diaphoresis occurs during hypoglycemia as the body releases epinephrine in response to falling glucose. This triggers sweating, tremors, and palpitations as part of the autonomic response.
D. Polyphagia: Polyphagia is a symptom of hyperglycemia, where cells are starved of glucose despite its presence in the blood. This leads to increased hunger, not typically seen in acute hypoglycemia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Match the client’s blood type with the type and cross match specimen: Type and crossmatching are important for allogeneic transfusions, but in autologous transfusions, the focus is on ensuring the unit belongs to the client rather than compatibility testing.
B. Ensure that the client's identification band matches the number on the blood unit: Verifying the client’s ID band against the unique number on the autologous blood unit ensures the right blood is given to the right person, preventing serious transfusion errors.
C. Confirm the provider's prescription matches the number on the blood component: The provider’s order is important, but it does not confirm the identity of the recipient. Matching the blood unit to the client’s ID is more critical for safety.
D. Ask the client to state his blood type and the date of the blood donation: Relying on client self-report is unreliable, especially in high-stress settings. Identification should always be confirmed using objective, verifiable identifiers like wristbands and blood unit labels.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. "Make sure you are holding your baby when your son comes to visit you in the hospital.”: While involving the older sibling can help with bonding, holding the newborn continuously may cause feelings of jealousy or exclusion in the 4-year-old child.
B. “Surprise your son with a new bedroom after you bring the baby home.”: Sudden changes like moving a child’s bedroom without preparation can increase anxiety and feelings of insecurity during a time of significant family adjustment.
C. “Use medical terminology when teaching your son about your new baby.”: Using complex medical terms may confuse a preschooler; age-appropriate language and simple explanations are more effective for understanding and comfort.
D. "Purchase a gift to give to your son from your baby.”: Providing a gift from the new baby helps the older child feel included, valued, and less jealous, fostering positive feelings about the sibling relationship and easing the transition.
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