A 65-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital with complaints of decreased urine output, fatigue, and swelling in the legs. Which of the following clinical cues is most indicative of acute kidney injury?
Increased appetite
Elevated serum creatinine levels
Hyperglycemia
Increased urine output
The Correct Answer is B
A. Increased appetite: Not typical in AKI; anorexia is more common.
B. Elevated serum creatinine levels: A hallmark of AKI, indicating reduced kidney filtration capacity.
C. Hyperglycemia: Not a direct indicator of AKI, though may occur in diabetics.
D. Increased urine output: AKI is typically oliguric (low urine output) or anuric in early phases.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "You have a genetic tendency for the development of anemia.”: Anemia in CKD is primarily due to impaired erythropoietin production, not genetics.
B. "The increased metabolic waste products in your body depress the bone marrow and cause anemia.”: While uremic toxins may have some marrow-suppressive effects, the main cause is lack of erythropoietin.
C. "There is a decreased production by the kidneys of the hormone erythropoietin which is the cause of your anemia.”: In CKD, damaged kidneys produce less erythropoietin, leading to reduced RBC production and anemia.
D. "You are not eating enough iron-rich foods, which is causing anemia.”: Although iron deficiency can contribute, this is not the primary cause in CKD-related anemia.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Hyperkalemia: In AKI, the kidneys cannot excrete potassium efficiently, leading to elevated potassium levels.
B. Hypernatremia: More common in dehydration but not typically associated with prerenal AKI, where sodium may actually be low due to dilution.
C. Hypophosphatemia: Phosphate tends to increase due to impaired excretion in AKI, not decrease.
D. Hypercalcemia: Calcium levels tend to decrease in AKI due to phosphate retention and reduced vitamin D activation.
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