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A 65-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital with complaints of decreased urine output, fatigue, and swelling in the legs. Which of the following clinical cues is most indicative of acute kidney injury?

Increased appetite

Elevated serum creatinine levels

Hyperglycemia

Increased urine output

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Increased appetite: Not typical in AKI; anorexia is more common.

B. Elevated serum creatinine levels: A hallmark of AKI, indicating reduced kidney filtration capacity.

C. Hyperglycemia: Not a direct indicator of AKI, though may occur in diabetics.

D. Increased urine output: AKI is typically oliguric (low urine output) or anuric in early phases.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Hyperkalemia: In AKI, the kidneys cannot excrete potassium efficiently, leading to elevated potassium levels.

B. Hypernatremia: More common in dehydration but not typically associated with prerenal AKI, where sodium may actually be low due to dilution.

C. Hypophosphatemia: Phosphate tends to increase due to impaired excretion in AKI, not decrease.

D. Hypercalcemia: Calcium levels tend to decrease in AKI due to phosphate retention and reduced vitamin D activation.

A. Metformin B. Atorvastatin C. Carvedilol D. Nitroglycerin

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Metformin: When combined with contrast dye, it can increase the risk of lactic acidosis in patients with impaired kidney function; should be held before and after contrast use.

B. Atorvastatin: Though statins are metabolized hepatically, they don’t interact significantly with contrast to increase AKI risk.

C. Carvedilol: Beta-blockers do not interact with contrast dye to cause AKI.

D. Nitroglycerin: Used for angina; not associated with increased AKI risk related to contrast use.

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A 65-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital with complaints of decreased urine output, fatigue, and swelling in the legs. Which of the following clinical cues is most indicative of acute kidney injury?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results from a client who has prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following electrolyte Imbalances should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is collecting a medication history from a client who is scheduled to have a cardiac catheterization. The nurse should recognize that which of the following medications taken by the client interacts with contrast material, and places the client at risk for acute kidney injury (AKI)?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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