A 51-year-old woman will be taking selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) as part of treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. The nurse reviews potential contraindications, including which condition?

Venous thromboembolism

Breast cancer

Hypocalcemia

Stress fractures

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Venous thromboembolism is a contraindication for taking SERMs. SERMs are drugs that act like estrogen in some tissues and block estrogen in others. They can help prevent bone loss and fractures in postmenopausal women, but they can also increase the risk of blood clots in the veins, such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Therefore, women who have a history of or are at high risk for venous thromboembolism should not take SERMs.

Choice B reason: Breast cancer is not a contraindication for taking SERMs. In fact, some SERMs, such as tamoxifen and raloxifene, are used to treat or prevent breast cancer in women who have estrogen receptor-positive tumors. These SERMs block the effects of estrogen in the breast tissue and reduce the growth of cancer cells.

Choice C reason: Hypocalcemia is not a contraindication for taking SERMs. Hypocalcemia is a low level of calcium in the blood. SERMs do not affect calcium levels directly, but they can help prevent calcium loss from the bones by mimicking the effects of estrogen in the bone tissue. However, women who take SERMs should also take adequate calcium and vitamin D supplements to maintain bone health.

Choice D reason: Stress fractures are not a contraindication for taking SERMs. Stress fractures are small cracks in the bones that result from repeated stress or overuse. SERMs can help prevent stress fractures by strengthening the bones and reducing the risk of osteoporosis. However, women who take SERMs should also avoid excessive or inappropriate physical activity that can cause stress fractures.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Hypokalemia is a low level of potassium in the blood. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that increases the excretion of water and electrolytes, including potassium. Hypokalemia can cause muscle weakness, cramps, arrhythmias, and digoxin toxicity.

Choice B reason: Hypoglycemia is a low level of glucose in the blood. Furosemide does not affect blood glucose levels or insulin secretion. Hypoglycemia may be caused by other factors such as diabetes medications, fasting, or alcohol intake.

Choice C reason: Weight gain is not an adverse effect of furosemide. Furosemide causes weight loss by reducing fluid retention and edema. Weight gain may be a sign of worsening heart failure or fluid overload.

Choice D reason: Increased blood pressure is not an adverse effect of furosemide. Furosemide lowers blood pressure by decreasing blood volume and cardiac preload. Increased blood pressure may be caused by other factors such as salt intake, stress, or kidney disease.

A. Constipation B. Abdominal cramps C. Drowsiness D. Decreased libido

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is incorrect because constipation is not a common or serious adverse effect of antihistamines. However, the patient should increase their fluid and fiber intake and exercise regularly to prevent constipation.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect because abdominal cramps are not a common or serious adverse effect of antihistamines. However, the patient should avoid spicy or fatty foods and take the antihistamine with food or milk to prevent stomach irritation.

Choice C reason: This is correct because drowsiness is one of the most common and bothersome adverse effects of antihistamines. The patient should avoid driving or operating machinery if they experience drowsiness and take the antihistamine at bedtime.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect because decreased libido is not a common or serious adverse effect of antihistamines. However, the patient should inform their provider if they experience any sexual dysfunction or mood changes while taking the antihistamine.

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A 51-year-old woman will be taking selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) as part of treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. The nurse reviews potential contraindications, including which condition?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who has heart failure and is prescribed furosemide. Which of the following findings is an adverse effect of this medication?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

During a routine checkup, a patient states that she is unable to take the prescribed antihistamine because of one of its most common adverse effects. The nurse suspects that which adverse effect has been bothering this patient?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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During the administration of finasteride, the nurse must remember which important precaution?

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