A 45-year-old patient with a history of chronic alcohol use presents to the emergency department with epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. Which of the following findings would best support a diagnosis of acute gastritis?

Erosion of the gastric mucosa on endoscopy

Decreased serum amylase levels

Presence of Helicobacter pylori antibodies in serum

Hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Erosion of the gastric mucosa on endoscopy is the hallmark of acute gastritis. Chronic alcohol use can irritate and inflame the stomach lining, leading to mucosal erosion, which is commonly seen during endoscopy in patients with this condition.
B.   Decreased serum amylase levels are not typically associated with acute gastritis. Amylase levels are more commonly elevated in cases of pancreatitis, not gastritis.
C.   The presence of Helicobacter pylori antibodies in serum is more indicative of chronic gastritis or peptic ulcer disease rather than acute gastritis. H. pylori is a long-term cause of gastric inflammation.
D.   Hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid is more commonly associated with conditions such as Zollinger- Ellison syndrome and is not a typical finding in acute gastritis caused by alcohol use.

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Correct Answer is ["B","E","F","G"]

Explanation

A. Positioning the patient supine can increase the risk of aspiration and should be avoided during feeding. The head of the bed should be elevated instead.
B. Monitoring gastric residual volumes is important to assess the tolerance of the feeding and prevent aspiration.
C. Feedings should be given slowly to avoid complications like gastric distention, not rapidly.
D. Using sterile gloves when handling a feeding tube is not necessary unless there is a risk for infection, but clean gloves are generally adequate.
E. Flushing the tube with water before and after medication administration helps to maintain patency and prevent clogging.
F. The head of the bed should be elevated at least 30 degrees during feeding to reduce the risk of aspiration.
G. Verifying tube placement before starting the feeding ensures that the feeding is going into the stomach and not the lungs.

A. Nocturia B. Fever and chills C. Increased urinary frequency D. Hesitancy in starting urine flow E. Hematuria F. Abdominal distension G. Decreased urinary stream H. Flank pain

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","G"]

Explanation

A. Nocturia (frequent urination at night) is a common symptom of BPH due to increased urinary retention and urgency.
B. Fever and chills are not associated with BPH; these symptoms suggest an infection or other underlying condition.
C. Increased urinary frequency is a key symptom of BPH due to pressure on the urethra, making it more difficult to empty the bladder completely.
D. Hesitancy in starting urine flow is common in BPH due to the obstruction of the urethra by the enlarged prostate.
E. Hematuria is not a typical finding of BPH, though it can sometimes occur if the prostate is irritated.
F. Abdominal distension is not typically associated with BPH.
G. Decreased urinary stream is often observed in BPH because the enlarged prostate compresses the urethra, making urination difficult.

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A 45-year-old patient with a history of chronic alcohol use presents to the emergency department with epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. Which of the following findings would best support a diagnosis of acute gastritis?

Nursing Test Bank

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