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Causative agent

- The causative agent of tetanus is Clostridium tetani, a gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming rod-shaped bacterium.

-  C. tetani produces two toxins: tetanospasmin and tetanolysin. Tetanospasmin is responsible for the clinical manifestations of tetanus, while tetanolysin may contribute to tissue damage at the site of infection.

-  Tetanospasmin is a neurotoxin that binds to sites on the peripheral motor neurons, spinal cord, brain, and sympathetic nervous system. It blocks the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters such as glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), resulting in unopposed excitation of the muscles.

- Tetanospasmin has a high affinity for nerve tissue and can travel retrogradely along nerve fibers to reach the central nervous system (CNS). Once bound to nerve terminals, it cannot be removed by antitoxin therapy.

Questions on Causative agent

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Streptococcus pneumoniae is not responsible for tetanus. It is a bacterium commonly associated with respiratory infections, such as pneumonia.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

Applying heat to affected areas is not appropriate for managing tetanus. Heat application can exacerbate muscle contractions and is not a recommended intervention for this condition.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The correct statement highlights that tetanus is more common in developing countries due to lower immunization rates. This is accurate since immunization plays a significant role in preventing tetanus, and lower vaccination rates in some regions contribute to higher disease incidence.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The statement "I've been experiencing some difficulty swallowing" should be monitored, but it doesn't need immediate intervention unless it worsens and compromises the airway.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

<p>The statement &quot;Vector transmission of tetanus occurs primarily through mosquito bites&quot; is incorrect. Tetanus is not transmitted through mosquito bites. Mosquitoes are not carriers of C. tetani, and the infection does not spread through their bites.</p>

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

<p>Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in the lungs, and it is caused by various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It is not directly linked to wound contamination with soil and feces.</p>

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

No explanation

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

<p>Applying a cold compress to the wound can help reduce pain and swelling, but it does not prevent tetanus. The priority is to administer tetanus antitoxin to neutralize the neurotoxin if present.</p>

Risus sardonicus, a facial muscle spasm resulting in a sardonic grin-like expression, is a classic sign of tetanus and is caused by sustained contraction of facial muscles.

Using non-pharmacological methods for pain management is an essential aspect of caring for clients with tetanus. Pain relief measures, such as warm compresses and positioning, can help alleviate muscle spasms and discomfort.

Facial muscle paralysis and slurred speech are not characteristic of localized tetanus. These symptoms are more commonly seen in conditions affecting the cranial nerves or other neurological disorders.

The statement "Penicillin G has a broader spectrum of activity than metronidazole" is irrelevant to the client's tetanus treatment. While it is true that different antibiotics have different spectrums of activity, this information is not relevant to the client's current condition or treatment.

The statement "Diaphoresis (sweating)" is not directly associated with muscle spasms triggered by stimuli in tetanus. Diaphoresis may occur in response to fever or autonomic dysfunction but is not a primary concern related to the muscle spasms.

<p>The statement &quot;Neonatal tetanus, affecting infants born to non-immunized mothers&quot; is not the most common type of tetanus. Neonatal tetanus occurs in newborns born to inadequately immunized mothers and is also relatively rare compared to generalized tetanus in adults.</p>

<p>Using non-pharmacological methods for pain management may be helpful, but it is not the priority intervention for a client with generalized tetanus experiencing spasms triggered by stimuli. The priority is to administer TIG to counteract the effects of the tetanus toxin.</p>

<p>Stimulating the production of dopamine in the spinal cord is not a mechanism of action for benzodiazepines. This statement is inaccurate. Chickenpox/Shingles. .</p>
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