Which symptom is an adverse effect of anticholinergic agents used to treat overactive bladder syndrome (OAB)?
Dry mouth.
Restlessness.
Increased salivation.
Diarrhea.
The Correct Answer is A
Dry mouth is a common adverse effect of anticholinergic agents used to treat overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) . Anticholinergic agents prevent involuntary contractions of the bladder detrusor muscle by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that stimulates the muscle . However, anticholinergics are not tissue specific, and they also affect other parts of the body where acetylcholine is involved, such as the salivary glands, the gastrointestinal tract, and the eyes .
Choice B is wrong because restlessness is not a typical side effect of anticholinergic agents. In fact, anticholinergics can cause sedation and drowsiness in some people .
Choice C is wrong because increased salivation is the opposite of what anticholinergics do. Anticholinergics reduce the secretion of saliva, causing dry mouth .
Choice D is wrong because diarrhea is also the opposite of what anticholinergics do. Anticholinergics slow down the movement of the gastrointestinal tract, causing constipation .
Some other possible adverse effects of anticholinergic agents include blurred vision, urinary retention, confusion, memory impairment, and increased risk of dementia and mortality .
Therefore, these drugs should be used with caution and under medical supervision.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
This range of systolic blood pressure is classified as stage 1 hypertension according to the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association. Stage 1 hypertension is when blood pressure consistently ranges from 130 to 139 systolic or 80 to 89 mm Hg diastolic.At this stage of high blood pressure, health care professionals are likely to prescribe lifestyle changes and may consider adding blood pressure medication based on your risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, or ASCVD, such as heart attack or stroke.
Choice A is wrong because 140 to 159 is the range for stage 2 hypertension, which is more severe than stage 1.
Stage 2 hypertension is when blood pressure consistently is 140/90 mm Hg or higher.At this stage of high blood pressure, health care professionals are likely to prescribe a combination of blood pressure medications and lifestyle changes.
Choice C is wrong because 110 to 119 is the range for normal blood pressure.
Normal blood pressure is when systolic blood pressure is less than 120 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure is less than 80 mm Hg.If your results fall into this category, stick with heart-healthy habits like following a balanced diet and getting regular exercise.
Choice D is wrong because 120 to 139 is not a valid range for systolic blood pressure.
It includes two different categories: elevated and stage 1 hypertension.
Elevated blood pressure is when readings consistently range from 120-129 systolic and less than 80 mm Hg diastolic.People with elevated blood pressure are likely to develop high blood pressure unless steps are taken to control the condition.Stage 1 hypertension, as explained above, is when systolic blood pressure ranges from 130 to 139 or diastolic blood pressure ranges from 80 to 89.
The normal range for systolic blood pressure is less than 120 mm Hg.The normal range for diastolic blood pressure is less than 80 mm Hg.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Intermittent claudication is a condition in which leg pain is produced upon increased activity and ischemia to tissues, but then the pain is reduced with rest. This is because the blood flow to the leg muscles is insufficient to meet the increased demand during exercise, but adequate at rest.Intermittent claudication is a common symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD), which is a narrowing of the arteries that supply blood to the legs.
Choice B, sporadic ischemia, is wrong because it is not a specific medical term for a condition that causes leg pain.
Ischemia means reduced blood flow to a part of the body, which can cause pain, but it can be caused by various factors and affect different organs.
Choice C, angina, is wrong because it is a term for chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart, not the legs.
Angina can also be triggered by physical activity and relieved by rest, but it is not related to PAD or leg ischemia.
Choice D, restless leg syndrome, is wrong because it is a condition that causes an uncomfortable urge to move the legs, usually at night or when lying down.
Restless leg syndrome does not cause pain or ischemia in the legs, and it is not improved by rest.It is thought to be related to a problem with the nervous system or iron deficiency.
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