Which symptom is an adverse effect of anticholinergic agents used to treat overactive bladder syndrome (OAB)?

Dry mouth.

Restlessness.

Increased salivation.

Diarrhea.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Dry mouth is a common adverse effect of anticholinergic agents used to treat overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) . Anticholinergic agents prevent involuntary contractions of the bladder detrusor muscle by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that stimulates the muscle . However, anticholinergics are not tissue specific, and they also affect other parts of the body where acetylcholine is involved, such as the salivary glands, the gastrointestinal tract, and the eyes .

Choice B is wrong because restlessness is not a typical side effect of anticholinergic agents. In fact, anticholinergics can cause sedation and drowsiness in some people .

Choice C is wrong because increased salivation is the opposite of what anticholinergics do. Anticholinergics reduce the secretion of saliva, causing dry mouth .

Choice D is wrong because diarrhea is also the opposite of what anticholinergics do. Anticholinergics slow down the movement of the gastrointestinal tract, causing constipation .

Some other possible adverse effects of anticholinergic agents include blurred vision, urinary retention, confusion, memory impairment, and increased risk of dementia and mortality .

Therefore, these drugs should be used with caution and under medical supervision.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Anticoagulants are medicines that increase the time it takes for blood to clot.They do not dissolve existing clots, but they can stop them from getting bigger or prevent new clots from forming.Anticoagulants work by interfering with different steps of the blood coagulation pathway, which is a complex process that involves many clotting factors.

Choice A is wrong because anticoagulants do not dissolve existing clots.To dissolve clots, you need medicines called thrombolytics or fibrinolytics, which break down the fibrin that holds the clots together.

Choice B is wrong because anticoagulants do not transport platelets.

Platelets are blood cells that help with clotting by sticking together and forming a plug at the site of an injury.Anticoagulants may affect the function of platelets, but they do not move them around.

Choice D is wrong because anticoagulants do not increase blood viscosity.

Viscosity is a measure of how thick and sticky a fluid is.

Anticoagulants are sometimes called blood thinners, but they do not actually change the viscosity of blood.They just make it less likely to clot.

Normal ranges for blood clotting tests vary depending on the type of test and the laboratory that performs it.

Some common tests and their normal ranges are:

• Prothrombin time (PT): 11 to 13.5 seconds

• International normalized ratio (INR): 0.8 to 1.2

• Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT): 25 to 35 seconds

• Anti-factor Xa: 0.3 to 0.7 units/mL

• D-dimer: less than 0.5 mcg/mL

A. "I should quit smoking to improve blood flow.". B. "I need to avoid prolonged sitting or standing.". C. "I should take my pentoxifylline with meals.". D. "I need to limit my physical activity to avoid worsening symptoms.".

Correct Answer is ["A","B"]

Explanation

Pentoxifylline is a medication that improves blood flow and oxygen delivery to the tissues in patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD), a condition that causes narrowing of the arteries in the legs.Pentoxifylline can help reduce the symptoms of intermittent claudication, which is cramping pain in the legs that occurs with walking and improves with rest.

Choice A is correct because smoking is a major risk factor for PVD and quitting smoking can improve blood flow and prevent further damage to the arteries.

Choice B is correct because prolonged sitting or standing can reduce blood flow to the legs and worsen symptoms of PVD.

Patients should avoid crossing their legs, wearing tight clothing, or exposing their legs to cold temperatures.They should also elevate their legs when resting and move them frequently.

Choice C is wrong because pentoxifylline should be taken on an empty stomach, at least one hour before or two hours after meals, to increase its absorption and effectiveness.

Choice D is wrong because physical activity is beneficial for patients with PVD and intermittent claudication.

Exercise can improve blood circulation, increase muscle strength, reduce pain, and lower cardiovascular risk factors.Patients should be encouraged to walk regularly, as tolerated, and follow a supervised exercise program if available.

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Which symptom is an adverse effect of anticholinergic agents used to treat overactive bladder syndrome (OAB)?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

What is the main action of anticoagulant drugs?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A patient with peripheral vascular disease has been on pentoxifylline (Trental) for 2 weeks. Which statements by the patient indicate no need for further patient teaching about the disease? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","B"]

Explanation

Why is a patient who is using a transdermal nitroglycerin patch instructed to remove the patch at bedtime and apply a new one in the morning?

Class IV antidysrhythmics or calcium channel blockers have what action on the cardiovascular system?

The prescriber orders furosemide 80 mg for a patient who has been retaining extra fluid after surgery. The nurse notes the following: BP of 142/88 (lying) and 108/60 (sitting); daily weight of 154 lb, a 1-lb drop from day before; serum potassium of 2.8 mEq/L. What should the nurse do?

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Match the following drug classification with the appropriate drug,

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