Which statements describe a desired patient outcome or expected outcome? (Select all that apply)

Choice A reason: This is correct because it shows that the PN is respectful and sensitive to the client’s cognitive impairment. Long explanations can confuse and overwhelm the client, who may have difficulty processing and retaining information.

Choice B reason: This is correct because it shows that the PN is respectful and sensitive to the client’s cognitive impairment. Asking one question at a time can help the client focus and respond more easily, without feeling pressured or frustrated.

Choice C reason: This is correct because it shows that the PN is respectful and sensitive to the client’s cognitive impairment. Using short sentences can help the client understand and remember the message, without being distracted or confused by unnecessary words.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect because it shows that the PN is rude and disrespectful to the client’s hearing ability. Talking loudly can make the client feel annoyed or threatened, and may not improve communication if the client has hearing loss. The PN should talk in a normal tone and check for understanding.

Choice A reason: Providing open-ended questions and silence is a communication technique that can encourage the client to eat dinner. Open-ended questions can invite the client to share their thoughts and feelings about food and eating, and can help the nurse to explore the client’s perception of reality and identify any distorted thinking. Silence can give the client time to process and respond, and can show respect and acceptance. Therefore, this choice is correct.

Choice B reason: Focusing on self-disclosure of own food preferences is not a communication technique that can encourage the client to eat dinner. Self-disclosure can be appropriate in some situations, but it should be used sparingly and only when it benefits the client. Focusing on the nurse’s own food preferences can be irrelevant, distracting, or imposing, and it can shift the atention away from the client’s needs and concerns. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

Choice C reason: Atempting to show empathy by suggesting reasons why the client may not want to eat is not a communication technique that can encourage the client to eat dinner. Empathy is a valuable skill, but it should be based on understanding and reflecting the client’s feelings, not on assuming or guessing them. Suggesting reasons why the client may not want to eat can be inaccurate, patronizing, or discouraging, and it can reinforce the client’s resistance or mistrust. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

Choice D reason: Telling the client of the importance of eating is not a communication technique that can encourage the client to eat dinner. Telling or lecturing the client can be perceived as authoritative, judgmental, or condescending, and it can increase the client’s defensiveness or anxiety. It can also ignore the client’s perspective or experience, and fail to address the underlying causes of their disordered thinking. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.