Which position should a nurse instruct a patient to assume after a lumbar puncture to prevent a headache?

A. Fresh fish

Fresh fish does not contain significant amounts of tyramine. Therefore, there is no need to eliminate fresh fish from the client's diet due to its interaction with selegiline.

B. Cheddar cheese

This is the correct answer. Cheddar cheese is a high-tyramine food and should be eliminated from the client's diet when taking MAOIs. Aged cheeses, such as cheddar, contain high levels of tyramine due to the fermentation process, which can increase the risk of a hypertensive crisis when combined with MAOIs.

C. Cherries

Cherries do not contain significant amounts of tyramine. Therefore, there is no need to eliminate cherries from the client's diet due to their interaction with selegiline.

D. Chicken

Chicken does not contain significant amounts of tyramine. Therefore, there is no need to eliminate chicken from the client's diet due to its interaction with selegiline.

A. Pupil response:

Pupil response refers to the reaction of the pupils to light stimulus. The pupils should normally constrict when exposed to bright light and dilate in dim light. Changes in pupil size or reactivity can indicate alterations in neurological function. For example, unequal or non-reactive pupils (anisocoria or fixed pupils) can be indicative of dysfunction in the cranial nerves or brainstem. However, while pupil response is an important aspect of neurological assessment, it may not always be the earliest indicator of cerebral status changes.

B. Deep tendon reflexes:

Deep tendon reflexes are involuntary muscle contractions in response to stretching of a muscle tendon. These reflexes are assessed by tapping the tendon with a reflex hammer, eliciting a rapid and brief muscle contraction. Changes in deep tendon reflexes can provide information about the integrity of the peripheral nervous system and spinal cord. However, alterations in deep tendon reflexes may occur secondary to changes in cerebral function and are typically assessed along with other neurological signs.

C. Muscle strength:

Muscle strength refers to the force generated by muscles during voluntary movement. It is typically assessed by asking the client to perform specific movements against resistance or by testing the strength of individual muscle groups using standardized scales (e.g., Medical Research Council scale). Changes in muscle strength can occur due to neurological or musculoskeletal conditions. While weakness or paralysis can result from lesions affecting the upper motor neurons (e.g., strokes or spinal cord injuries), alterations in muscle strength may not always be the earliest indicator of cerebral status changes.

D. Level of consciousness:

The level of consciousness refers to the degree of awareness and alertness exhibited by the client. It is assessed by evaluating the client's responsiveness, orientation, and ability to follow commands. Changes in the level of consciousness, such as confusion, lethargy, stupor, or coma, can indicate alterations in cerebral function and are often the earliest indicators of neurological dysfunction. Assessing the level of consciousness is a critical component of neurological examination and helps guide further assessment and management of clients with suspected brain tumors or other neurological conditions.