Which one is not a step of pharmacokinetics?
Distribution:
Metabolism
Absorption
Synthesis
The Correct Answer is D
A) Distribution:. Distribution refers to the process by which a drug is transported throughout the body after it is absorbed into the bloodstream. It involves the movement of the drug to various tissues and organs, where it can exert its effects. Factors such as blood flow, tissue permeability, and protein binding affect distribution.
B) Metabolism:
Metabolism refers to the biochemical process by which the body breaks down drugs into metabolites, usually in the liver. Metabolism can transform drugs into more easily excreted forms and sometimes alters the drug’s activity. It is essential for drug clearance and can affect drug efficacy and toxicity.
C) Absorption:
Absorption is the first step in pharmacokinetics, where the drug enters the bloodstream after being administered. It occurs primarily in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract for oral medications but can also happen in other routes like subcutaneous or intramuscular injections. The rate and extent of absorption are influenced by factors such as drug formulation, route of administration, and presence of food.
D) Synthesis:
Synthesis refers to the process of creating substances, such as drugs or other compounds, typically within the body or in a laboratory setting. While drug synthesis is crucial in drug development, it is not a step involved in the movement or processing of drugs within the body (which is what pharmacokinetics describes). Pharmacokinetics focuses on how the body handles drugs, not how they are created.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A) Esophagus
Enteric-coated tablets are designed to not dissolve or disintegrate in the esophagus. They are coated with a protective layer that prevents the tablet from breaking down in the acidic environment of the stomach. This is to ensure that the medication is released in the part of the digestive tract where it is most needed, typically beyond the stomach.
B) Duodenum
Enteric-coated tablets are designed to disintegrate in the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine. The coating protects the tablet from stomach acid, allowing it to pass intact through the stomach and into the small intestine, where the pH is higher and the coating dissolves, releasing the medication for absorption.
C) Stomach
Enteric-coated tablets are specifically designed not to disintegrate in the stomach because the stomach's acidic environment could either damage the drug or cause premature release. The coating ensures that the drug is protected until it reaches the more neutral pH of the duodenum.
D) Colon
The colon is too far along in the digestive tract for enteric-coated tablets to typically disintegrate. The design of enteric coatings is intended to protect the drug until it reaches the duodenum, where absorption is most efficient. Enteric coatings are not meant to disintegrate in the colon.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Given:
Ordered dose of acetaminophen: 10 mg/kg
Child's weight: 22 lb
Concentration of acetaminophen liquid: 160 mg/5 mL
Step 1: Convert child's weight from pounds to kilograms:
1 pound (lb) = 0.453592 kilograms (kg)
Child's weight in kg = 22 lbs x 0.453592 kg/lb = 9.976824 kg
Step 2: Calculate the total dose of acetaminophen:
Total dose (mg) = Ordered dose (mg/kg) x Child's weight (kg)
Total dose (mg) = 10 mg/kg x 9.976824 kg
Total dose (mg) = 99.76824 mg
Step 3: Calculate the volume to be administered:
Volume (mL) = Total dose (mg) / Concentration (mg/mL)
Volume (mL) = 99.76824 mg / 160 mg/5 mL
Volume (mL) = 99.76824 mg x (5 mL / 160 mg)
Volume (mL) = 3.1177575 mL
Step 4: Round to the nearest tenth:
Volume (mL) ≈ 3.1 mL
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