Which of the following would the nurse expect to find when reviewing the laboratory test results of a client with renal failure?

Increased red blood cell count

Decreased serum potassium level

Increased serum creatinine level

Increased serum calcium level

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Renal failure impairs erythropoietin production, a hormone stimulating red blood cell synthesis, leading to anemia, not an increased red blood cell count. Reduced glomerular filtration exacerbates toxin accumulation, further suppressing bone marrow activity, making an elevated red blood cell count unlikely in this condition.

Choice B reason: In renal failure, kidneys fail to excrete potassium, leading to hyperkalemia, not decreased serum potassium. Hyperkalemia can cause cardiac arrhythmias due to altered membrane potentials. A decreased potassium level is more associated with conditions like diuretic use or vomiting, not renal failure.

Choice C reason: Increased serum creatinine is a hallmark of renal failure, as kidneys cannot filter creatinine, a muscle metabolism byproduct. Elevated levels reflect reduced glomerular filtration rate, indicating kidney dysfunction. This is a reliable marker for assessing renal failure severity and progression, making it an expected finding.

Choice D reason: Renal failure typically causes hypocalcemia, not increased serum calcium, due to impaired vitamin D activation and phosphate retention, which binds calcium. Hypercalcemia is rare and may occur in other conditions like hyperparathyroidism, not renal failure, where calcium homeostasis is disrupted by kidney dysfunction.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Insight into mental health problems varies individually and is not a defining feature of voluntary versus involuntary commitment. Both types of patients may lack insight, especially in severe mental illness, making this statement inaccurate as a legal or procedural distinction between commitment types.

Choice B reason: Involuntary commitment, under laws like a 302, restricts a client’s ability to initiate discharge due to assessed danger to self or others. Voluntary clients can request discharge, though medical advice may apply. This legal distinction defines the difference, making it the correct answer.

Choice C reason: Involuntary clients cannot universally refuse treatment, as court-ordered interventions may apply in cases of imminent danger. Both voluntary and involuntary clients have rights to refuse non-emergent treatment, but this is not the primary legal distinction between commitment types, making this option incorrect.

Choice D reason: Aggression is not a defining characteristic of voluntary commitment. Both voluntary and involuntary clients may exhibit aggression, depending on their mental health condition. The distinction lies in legal control over discharge, not behavior, making this statement inaccurate for defining commitment types.

A. Defense mechanisms can create difficulty with relationships B. Defense mechanisms can lead to poor problem-solving skills C. Defense mechanisms can help a person to reduce anxiety D. Defense mechanisms can inhibit emotional growth

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Defense mechanisms, like denial or projection, can strain relationships by avoiding honest communication or projecting blame, disrupting trust and emotional connection. While they may temporarily reduce anxiety, they hinder interpersonal dynamics, making this a negative outcome rather than a positive one in therapeutic interactions.

Choice B reason: Defense mechanisms can impair problem-solving by avoiding reality (e.g., denial) or displacing emotions, preventing rational analysis of issues. This leads to maladaptive coping, which does not address underlying problems, making it a negative consequence rather than a positive outcome of using defense mechanisms in mental health contexts.

Choice C reason: Defense mechanisms, such as repression or rationalization, temporarily reduce anxiety by shielding the individual from overwhelming emotions or stressors. By mitigating psychological distress, they provide short-term emotional relief, allowing the person to function under stress, making this a positive outcome when used adaptively in mental health management.

Choice D reason: Defense mechanisms can inhibit emotional growth by preventing individuals from confronting and processing emotions, leading to unresolved issues. Overreliance on mechanisms like avoidance stalls emotional development, hindering self-awareness and coping skills, making this a negative outcome rather than a positive benefit of defense mechanisms.

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Which of the following would the nurse expect to find when reviewing the laboratory test results of a client with renal failure?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse recognizes that the difference between a voluntary and an involuntary commitment is what?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The client has used defensive communicating with the nurse today. Which can be a positive outcome from the use of defense mechanisms?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse and client are engaged in a discussion. The client says, “I feel really close to you. You are my only true friend.” Which response by the nurse would be most therapeutic?

The client states, “I understand that in order to leave, I must sign a request to withdraw from treatment.” What is the client’s legal status?

The nurse is caring for a group of clients in the mental health outpatient clinic. Which client is most likely to be mandated by a criminal court for outpatient treatment?

A client with a history of chronic renal failure receives hemodialysis treatment three times per week through an arteriovenous (AV) fistula in the left arm. Which priority intervention should the nurse include in the care plan?

The nurse is caring for an acutely ill client. Which assessment finding should prompt the nurse to inform the healthcare provider that the client may be exhibiting signs of acute kidney injury (AKI)?

The nurse is evaluating clients in the emergency department (ED) for pending mental health admissions. Which client will be admitted for involuntary hospitalization?

A nurse is reviewing an electronic medical record to determine if a client’s rights have been violated by another member of the healthcare team. Which finding will the nurse identify that would indicate a violation of the client’s rights?