Which of the following would be a severe decrease in the level of consciousness?
The patient requires painful stimuli to elicit a response and has no purposeful movement
The patient is drowsy but responds to verbal stimuli appropriately
The patient responds to commands but is slow to do so
The patient can follow simple commands like "open your eyes”
The Correct Answer is A
A. The patient requires painful stimuli to elicit a response and has no purposeful movement: This indicates a severe decrease in consciousness where the patient is minimally responsive, unable to respond to verbal stimuli, and shows no purposeful movement. It reflects significant brain dysfunction and is often seen in severe brain injury or coma.
B. The patient is drowsy but responds to verbal stimuli appropriately: This describes mild to moderate impairment of consciousness, where the patient is lethargic but still able to respond meaningfully to verbal commands, indicating a less severe condition.
C. The patient responds to commands but is slow to do so: A slowed response suggests some cognitive or neurological impairment but not a severe decrease in consciousness. The patient remains alert enough to follow instructions, albeit slowly.
D. The patient can follow simple commands like "open your eyes": This shows the patient is conscious and able to interact, reflecting a mild or normal level of consciousness rather than severe impairment.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Presence of insulin autoantibodies that destroy beta cells in the pancreas: This describes the autoimmune process characteristic of Type 1 diabetes mellitus, where the immune system attacks pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin deficiency.
B. Need for lifelong insulin injections: Lifelong insulin therapy is typically required in Type 1 diabetes due to absolute insulin deficiency. Many individuals with Type 2 diabetes can manage their condition initially with lifestyle changes and oral medications.
C. Increase of glucagon secretion from beta cells of the pancreas: Glucagon is secreted by alpha cells, not beta cells, in the pancreas. Dysregulation of glucagon contributes to hyperglycemia but is not a defining feature distinguishing Type 2 diabetes.
D. Resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues: Type 2 diabetes is primarily characterized by insulin resistance, where muscle, fat, and liver cells do not respond properly to insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels despite normal or increased insulin production. This resistance is a hallmark feature distinguishing it from Type 1 diabetes.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Low-residue diet predisposes to colon diverticula: A low-fiber (low-residue) diet leads to harder stools and increased intraluminal pressure during bowel movements, which promotes the formation of diverticula, especially in the sigmoid colon.
B. Diverticulum may become infected, causing diverticulitis: When fecal material becomes trapped in a diverticulum, it can lead to localized infection and inflammation known as diverticulitis, which may cause pain, fever, or even abscess formation.
C. Ulceration of lining of diverticula caused by fecal material in the diverticula may cause bleeding from the ulcerated diverticulum: Trapped fecal matter can irritate and ulcerate the mucosal lining of diverticula, leading to localized bleeding, which may be seen as rectal bleeding or blood in the stool.
D. Diverticula predispose to colon carcinoma: Diverticulosis is not considered a premalignant condition. Although both conditions may coexist in older adults, the presence of diverticula does not increase the risk of colon cancer.
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