Which of the following types of immunity is acquired through vaccination or exposure to a specific pathogen?
Innate immunity
Active immunity
Passive immunity
Natural immunity
The Correct Answer is B
Explanation: Active immunity is acquired when the body's immune system is exposed to a specific pathogen or antigen, either through vaccination or natural infection. In response, the immune system produces its antibodies to protect against future encounters with the same pathogen.
Incorrect choices:
a. Innate immunity is the first line of defense against infections and is present at birth. It includes physical barriers, such as the skin and mucous membranes, and non-specific immune responses that do not require prior exposure to a specific pathogen.
c. Passive immunity is the transfer of pre-formed antibodies from one individual to another, providing immediate, temporary protection. This can occur naturally, such as the transfer of antibodies from a mother to her baby during breastfeeding, or through the administration of pre-formed antibodies, as in certain medical treatments.
d. Natural immunity refers to the immunity that is acquired through natural exposure to a pathogen and the subsequent development of an immune response. This includes both active immunity from natural infection and passive immunity from maternal antibodies passed to the baby during childbirth or breastfeeding.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Explanation: Booster doses of vaccines are recommended to reinforce and extend the duration of immunity provided by the initial vaccination. They help the immune system to maintain a higher level of protection against the disease over time.
Incorrect choices:
a. The number of antibodies in the blood is not increased by booster doses; rather, the immune system's memory is reinforced.
b. Booster doses do not decrease the risk of adverse reactions; they are given to maintain immunity.
d. Booster doses do not reduce the number of required vaccine doses; they are additional doses given to maintain immunity over time.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Explanation: Memory cells recognize and respond rapidly to previously encountered pathogens. Memory cells are a type of immune cell that are formed after an initial infection or vaccination. They "remember" the specific pathogen and allow the immune system to mount a faster and stronger response upon subsequent exposures to the same pathogen, providing long-term immunity.
Incorrect choices:
a. Memory cells do not directly attack pathogens in the body. They serve as a form of immune "memory" to help the body respond more effectively to future infections.
b. Memory cells do not produce antibodies upon initial pathogen exposure. B cells are responsible for producing antibodies in response to the pathogen.
d. Memory cells do not regulate the body's temperature during an infection. Temperature regulation is mainly controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain in response to infection or other stimuli.
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