Which of the following is an example of passive immunity?
The body's response to a vaccine
The transfer of antibodies from a mother to her baby during breastfeeding
The activation of T cells in response to an infection
The production of memory cells after exposure to a pathogen
The Correct Answer is B
Explanation: Passive immunity is the temporary immunity that is acquired from an external source, such as the transfer of antibodies from a mother to her baby through the placenta during pregnancy or through breastfeeding. This type of immunity provides immediate protection but does not result in the production of memory cells.
Incorrect choices:
a. The body's response to a vaccine is an example of active immunity, where the body produces its own antibodies in response to exposure to a weakened or inactive form of a pathogen.
c. The activation of T cells in response to an infection is part of the body's adaptive immune response, contributing to active immunity.
d. The production of memory cells after exposure to a pathogen is also a characteristic of active immunity, as it allows the body to recognize and respond more quickly to future infections with the same pathogen.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Explanation: T cells are a type of lymphocyte that plays a crucial role in cell-mediated immunity. They are responsible for recognizing and directly attacking infected or abnormal cells in the body. There are two main types of T cells: cytotoxic T cells, which directly kill infected cells, and helper T cells, which assist in coordinating the immune response.
Incorrect choices:
a. B cells are responsible for the production of antibodies and are involved in the humoral immune response, which targets pathogens outside of cells. They do not directly recognize and destroy infected cells.
c. Macrophages are antigen-presenting cells that engulf and process pathogens to present their antigens to other immune cells. While they are involved in immune recognition, they do not primarily recognize and destroy infected cells.
d. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell involved in the innate immune response. They primarily target and destroy bacteria and other foreign invaders in the body, but they do not have the specific recognition capabilities of T cells.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Explanation: Memory cells are a type of immune cell that are formed during the body's initial encounter with a pathogen. They "remember" the specific antigen of the pathogen and allow the immune system to respond more rapidly and effectively if the same pathogen is encountered again in the future. Memory cells are responsible for providing long-term immunity.
Incorrect choices:
a. Engulfing pathogens and foreign invaders is the role of phagocytes, such as macrophages and neutrophils.
b. Initiating the inflammatory response is carried out by various immune cells, including mast cells and basophils, as part of the innate immune response.
c. Producing antibodies in response to infection is the primary role of B cells in the immune system.
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