Which of the following is the primary role of B cells during the humoral immune response?
Recognizing antigens presented by macrophages.
Producing antibodies against pathogens.
Directly attacking and killing infected cells.
Regulating the immune response to prevent excessive inflammation.
The Correct Answer is B
Explanation: The primary role of B cells during the humoral immune response is to produce antibodies against specific antigens on pathogens. When B cells encounter an antigen that matches their specific receptor, they become activated and differentiate into plasma cells, which then secrete large amounts of antibodies into the bloodstream.
Incorrect choices:
a. Antigen presentation to B cells is carried out by antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, not by B cells themselves.
c. Directly attacking and killing infected cells is the role of cytotoxic T cells during cell-mediated immunity, not B cells during the humoral immune response.
d. The regulation of the immune response is mainly the function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and other immune regulatory mechanisms, not the primary role of B cells.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Explanation:Innate immunity. Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense and provides immediate protection against infections without prior exposure to the pathogen. It includes physical barriers, such as the skin, and various cellular and chemical components.
Incorrect choices:
a. Adaptive immunity is the acquired immunity that develops after exposure to a specific pathogen or vaccination. It takes some time to mount a response and produce antibodies or memory cells.
b. Humoral immunity is a component of adaptive immunity that involves the production of antibodies by B cells to neutralize pathogens.
d. Cell-mediated immunity is another component of adaptive immunity, where T cells directly attack infected or abnormal cells.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Explanation: Booster doses of vaccines are recommended to reinforce and extend the duration of immunity provided by the initial vaccination. They help the immune system to maintain a higher level of protection against the disease over time.
Incorrect choices:
a. The number of antibodies in the blood is not increased by booster doses; rather, the immune system's memory is reinforced.
b. Booster doses do not decrease the risk of adverse reactions; they are given to maintain immunity.
d. Booster doses do not reduce the number of required vaccine doses; they are additional doses given to maintain immunity over time.
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