Which of the following is an essential step in antigen recognition during the immune response?
Activation of regulatory T cells
Production of histamines by mast cells
Binding of antigens to specific receptors on immune cells
Release of antibodies by neutrophils
The Correct Answer is C
Explanation: Antigen recognition during the immune response occurs when antigens bind to specific receptors on immune cells, such as B cell receptors, T cell receptors, or antibodies. This binding is a critical step that triggers the activation of the immune response against the invading pathogen or foreign substance.
Incorrect choices:
a. Activation of regulatory T cells is important for controlling and regulating the immune response but is not directly related to the antigen recognition process.
b. Production of histamines by mast cells is involved in the inflammatory response, but it is not a direct step in the antigen recognition process.
d. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell involved in the innate immune response. They do not release antibodies, as that function is primarily carried out by B cells and plasma cells.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Explanation: Active immunity is acquired when the body's immune system is exposed to a specific pathogen or antigen, either through vaccination or natural infection. In response, the immune system produces its antibodies to protect against future encounters with the same pathogen.
Incorrect choices:
a. Innate immunity is the first line of defense against infections and is present at birth. It includes physical barriers, such as the skin and mucous membranes, and non-specific immune responses that do not require prior exposure to a specific pathogen.
c. Passive immunity is the transfer of pre-formed antibodies from one individual to another, providing immediate, temporary protection. This can occur naturally, such as the transfer of antibodies from a mother to her baby during breastfeeding, or through the administration of pre-formed antibodies, as in certain medical treatments.
d. Natural immunity refers to the immunity that is acquired through natural exposure to a pathogen and the subsequent development of an immune response. This includes both active immunity from natural infection and passive immunity from maternal antibodies passed to the baby during childbirth or breastfeeding.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Explanation: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks and damages the lining of the small intestine in response to the ingestion of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye.
Incorrect choices:
a. Rheumatoid arthritis primarily affects the joints, not the small intestine.
b. Sjögren's syndrome primarily affects the salivary and lacrimal glands, not the small intestine.
d. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, not the small intestine.
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