Which of the following terms refers to the lateral movement of the leg away from the midline of the body?

A. The atrioventricular (AV) valves separate the atria from the ventricles. The right AV valve is called the tricuspid valve, and the left AV valve is the mitral valve. These valves ensure that blood flows from the atria into the ventricles without flowing back. This is the correct answer.

B. The pulmonary valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. It does not separate the atria and ventricles.

C. The aortic valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta and prevents blood from flowing back into the ventricle after contraction. It does not separate the atrial and ventricular chambers.

D. The semilunar valves, which include the pulmonary and aortic valves, are located at the exit of the ventricles but do not separate the atria from the ventricles.

A. Peristalsis, the wave-like contraction of the digestive tract, is typically decreased during sympathetic stimulation. The sympathetic nervous system tends to slow digestive processes as the body prioritizes "fight-or-flight" responses.

B. Bladder tone is typically decreased by sympathetic stimulation. The sympathetic nervous system causes relaxation of the bladder, inhibiting urination during stressful situations.

C. Heart rate increases with sympathetic stimulation. The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for action by increasing heart rate, enhancing blood flow to muscles, and increasing energy levels.

D. Saliva production decreases with sympathetic stimulation. The body reduces non-essential functions such as salivation during stress, focusing energy on immediate survival functions.