After traveling through the proximal convoluted tubule, glomerular filtrate enters which of the following nephron components?
Bowman's capsule
Collecting duct
Glomerulus
Loop of Henle
The Correct Answer is D
A. Bowman's capsule:
Bowman's capsule is the initial part of the nephron where blood is filtered to form glomerular filtrate. The filtrate is collected here after being filtered through the glomerulus. However, after traveling through the proximal convoluted tubule, the filtrate does not return to Bowman's capsule.
B. Collecting duct:
The collecting duct is the final part of the nephron where urine is collected after it has passed through the nephron’s other components. The glomerular filtrate enters the collecting duct after passing through the Loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule, not directly from the proximal convoluted tubule.
C. Glomerulus:
The glomerulus is a network of capillaries located within Bowman's capsule where blood filtration begins. After filtration occurs, the filtrate moves into the proximal convoluted tubule. The filtrate does not return to the glomerulus after it has passed through the proximal convoluted tubule.
D. Loop of Henle:
After the glomerular filtrate passes through the proximal convoluted tubule, it enters the Loop of Henle. This segment of the nephron is crucial for concentrating urine by reabsorbing water and salts from the filtrate, thereby playing an essential role in the body's fluid and electrolyte balance.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Anterior pituitary:
The anterior pituitary gland regulates the release of testosterone by secreting luteinizing hormone (LH. , which stimulates the Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone. This hormonal regulation is crucial for maintaining testosterone levels and reproductive function, making this the correct answer.
B. Thyroid:
The thyroid gland is involved in regulating metabolism and growth through hormones such as thyroxine (T4. and triiodothyronine (T3. . It does not directly regulate testosterone production.
C. Parathyroid:
The parathyroid glands are responsible for regulating calcium and phosphate balance in the body through the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH. . They do not play a role in regulating testosterone levels.
D. Posterior pituitary:
The posterior pituitary gland releases hormones like antidiuretic hormone (ADH. and oxytocin, but it does not regulate testosterone production. The regulation of testosterone primarily involves the anterior pituitary gland and its secretion of LH.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Androsterone and estradiol: Androsterone and estradiol are both sex hormones, but they do not function as antagonists. Androsterone is an androgen, and estradiol is an estrogen; they have different roles in sexual development and reproductive health but do not directly oppose each other.
B. Ghrelin and gastrin: Ghrelin and gastrin are hormones involved in regulating appetite and digestion. Ghrelin stimulates hunger, while gastrin stimulates gastric acid secretion. They do not act as direct antagonists to each other.
C. Insulin and glucagon: Insulin and glucagon are hormone antagonists that regulate blood glucose levels. Insulin lowers blood glucose by facilitating its uptake into cells, while glucagon increases blood glucose by promoting glycogen breakdown in the liver. Their actions counterbalance each other to maintain glucose homeostasis.
D. Calcitonin and melatonin: Calcitonin and melatonin have distinct functions; calcitonin helps regulate calcium levels in the blood, while melatonin regulates sleep-wake cycles. They do not have antagonistic effects on each other.
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