Which of the following statements is not a typical manifestation of SIADH?
Anorexia
Edema of fluid overload
Vomiting
Nausea
The Correct Answer is B
A. Anorexia is a common manifestation of SIADH due to the effects of hyponatremia (low sodium levels) and fluid retention.
B. Edema of fluid overload is not a typical manifestation of SIADH. While SIADH leads to fluid retention due to excess antidiuretic hormone (ADH), the excess fluid is typically intracellular and does not cause peripheral edema as seen in conditions like heart failure or nephrotic syndrome.
C. Vomiting is a common manifestation of SIADH, often related to the effects of hyponatremia, which can irritate the gastrointestinal system.
D. Nausea is also a common symptom of SIADH due to the imbalance of electrolytes, particularly low sodium levels, which can affect the brain and lead to nausea.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Left-sided heart failure primarily leads to pulmonary symptoms, such as shortness of breath and fluid accumulation in the lungs, rather than peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, or ascites.
B. Endocarditis is an infection of the heart valves and does not typically cause the combination of peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, ascites, and splenomegaly.
C. Myocardial infarction (MI) can lead to heart failure, but the specific symptoms of peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, ascites, and splenomegaly are more characteristic of right-sided heart failure rather than MI alone.
D. Right-sided heart failure causes systemic venous congestion, which leads to peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, ascites, and splenomegaly due to the backup of blood in the systemic circulation.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), serum bicarbonate is typically decreased, not increased. The decrease is due to metabolic acidosis resulting from the accumulation of ketones.
B. Serum potassium is often elevated in DKA initially due to the shift of potassium from inside the cells to the bloodstream as a result of acidosis. However, potassium levels may drop with treatment, especially with insulin administration, which drives potassium back into cells.
C. Urine pH in DKA is often acidic due to the presence of ketones, which are acidic byproducts of fat metabolism. A urine pH of 4.0 indicates aciduria, which is consistent with ketoacidosis.
D. Serum pH in DKA is typically low (below 7.35), indicating acidosis. A serum pH of 7.5 would suggest alkalosis, which is not typical of DKA.
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