Which of the following refers to international collaboration to improve health outcomes and decrease health inequities using a multimodal approach?

Choice A Reason:
Conducting a physical examination is the first step in addressing the employee's concern about hearing loss. This examination allows the nurse to assess the ear for any visible issues, such as earwax buildup, infection, or structural abnormalities. A thorough physical examination can help identify the cause of the hearing loss and determine the appropriate next steps. It is essential to rule out any immediate and easily treatable conditions before proceeding with more specialized interventions.

Choice B Reason:
Irrigating the ear to remove any obstruction, such as earwax, can be an effective treatment for hearing loss caused by cerumen impaction. However, this should only be done after a physical examination confirms that earwax is the cause of the hearing loss. Irrigation without proper assessment can potentially cause harm, especially if there is an underlying infection or perforation of the eardrum.

Choice C Reason:
Advising the client on the use of ear plugs is a preventive measure to protect hearing, particularly in noisy environments. However, this advice does not address the immediate concern of unilateral hearing loss. Ear plugs are more relevant for preventing further hearing damage rather than diagnosing or treating existing hearing issues.

Choice D Reason:
Referring the client to an audiologist is an important step if the initial physical examination does not reveal the cause of the hearing loss or if the hearing loss persists despite initial treatment. Audiologists specialize in diagnosing and treating hearing disorders and can perform comprehensive hearing tests. However, this referral should come after the nurse has conducted a preliminary assessment to rule out any obvious and treatable causes.

Choice A: "True Positives are Represented in the Table Cell that Indicates the Person Does Not Have the Disease and the Test Indicates Disease."
This statement is incorrect. In a two-by-two table used to evaluate diagnostic tests, the cell representing true positives is where both the test result and the actual disease status are positive. This cell indicates that the test correctly identified individuals who have the disease. The statement here describes a false positive, where the test indicates disease, but the person does not actually have it.

Choice B: "True Positives are Represented in the Table Cell that Indicates the Person Has the Disease and the Test Indicates the Person Has the Disease."
This statement is correct. True positives are indeed represented in the cell where both the test result and the actual disease status are positive. This means the test has correctly identified individuals who have the disease. This cell is crucial for calculating the sensitivity of the test, which measures the proportion of actual positives correctly identified by the test.

Choice C: "True Positives are Represented in the Table Cell that Indicates the Person Has the Disease and the Test Does Not Indicate Disease."
This statement describes a false negative, where the person has the disease, but the test fails to detect it. This cell is used to calculate the test's sensitivity, but it does not represent true positives. False negatives are critical to understand because they indicate cases where the test missed the disease.

Choice D: "True Positives are Represented in the Table Cell that Indicates the Person Does Not Have the Disease and the Test Does Not Indicate Disease."
This statement describes true negatives, where the test correctly identifies individuals who do not have the disease. While true negatives are important for calculating the specificity of the test, they do not represent true positives. Specificity measures the proportion of actual negatives correctly identified by the test.