A nurse reviews notes for a school-age child from the child's schoolteacher. The teacher reports that the student cannot focus, has a short attention span, and has had consistently low grades for 6 months. Which of the following problems should the nurse suspect?

Lack of mentoring

Transportation challenges

Unhealthy family relationships

Food insecurity

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Lack of mentoring
Lack of mentoring can affect a child's academic performance, but it is less likely to be the primary cause of a short attention span and inability to focus. Mentoring programs can help improve academic outcomes by providing guidance, support, and motivation. However, the symptoms described—short attention span and inability to focus—are more directly linked to other underlying issues.

Choice B reason: Transportation challenges
Transportation challenges can lead to increased absenteeism and lower academic performance. However, they are not typically associated with a short attention span or inability to focus. While transportation issues can cause stress and fatigue, they do not directly impact a child's cognitive abilities in the same way that other factors might.

Choice C reason: Unhealthy family relationships
Unhealthy family relationships can significantly impact a child's emotional and psychological well-being, which in turn can affect their academic performance. Children from families with poor communication, high conflict, or lack of support may struggle with concentration and focus. However, the primary symptoms described—short attention span and inability to focus—are more commonly associated with other specific issues.

Choice D reason: Food insecurity
Food insecurity is directly linked to cognitive and behavioral issues in children. Lack of adequate nutrition can lead to difficulties in concentration, short attention span, and overall poor academic performance. Children who do not have reliable access to nutritious food are more likely to experience fatigue, irritability, and difficulty focusing, which aligns with the symptoms described in the scenario.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A Reason:
Proportionate mortality refers to the proportion of deaths in a population attributable to different causes. It is expressed as a percentage of total deaths. While useful for understanding the distribution of causes of death, it does not provide a direct comparison of overall mortality rates between different populations or regions.

Choice B Reason:
Case fatality rate is the proportion of individuals diagnosed with a particular disease who die from that disease within a specified period. It is a measure of the severity of the disease rather than the overall mortality rate. This metric is not suitable for comparing general mortality rates between a state and the entire country.

Choice C Reason:
Cause-specific mortality rate refers to the mortality rate from a specific cause of death within a population. While this can provide insights into the impact of particular diseases or conditions, it does not offer a comprehensive view of overall mortality. Comparing cause-specific mortality rates would require multiple comparisons for different causes, complicating the analysis.

Choice D Reason:
Crude mortality rate is the total number of deaths in a population over a specific period, usually expressed per 1,000 or 100,000 individuals. This rate provides a straightforward measure of the overall mortality in a population, making it the most appropriate metric for comparing mortality rates between a state and the entire country. It allows for a direct comparison of the general health status and mortality burden across different regions.

A. "I have a false negative screening. I may miss the opportunity for early treatment." B. "I have a false negative screening. I may undergo unnecessary treatment." C. "I have a false negative screening. I likely need more extensive testing." D. "I have a false negative screening. I may experience undue worry."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason:
"I have a false negative screening. I may miss the opportunity for early treatment." This statement accurately reflects the primary concern with a false negative result. A false negative occurs when a test incorrectly indicates that a person does not have a condition when they actually do. This can lead to a delay in diagnosis and treatment, potentially worsening the individual's health outcomes. Early treatment is often crucial for managing many conditions effectively, so missing this opportunity can have significant consequences.

Choice B Reason:
"I have a false negative screening. I may undergo unnecessary treatment." This statement is incorrect because a false negative result means the test failed to detect the condition, leading to no treatment when it is actually needed. Unnecessary treatment is more associated with a false positive result, where the test incorrectly indicates the presence of a condition.

Choice C Reason:
"I have a false negative screening. I likely need more extensive testing." While additional testing might eventually be necessary if symptoms persist or worsen, this statement does not directly address the immediate implication of a false negative result. The primary concern is the missed opportunity for early intervention, not the need for more testing.

Choice D Reason:
"I have a false negative screening. I may experience undue worry." This statement is also incorrect. A false negative result typically provides a false sense of security, leading the individual to believe they are healthy when they are not. Undue worry is more likely to result from a false positive, where the person is incorrectly told they have a condition.

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A nurse reviews notes for a school-age child from the child's schoolteacher. The teacher reports that the student cannot focus, has a short attention span, and has had consistently low grades for 6 months. Which of the following problems should the nurse suspect?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A public health nurse is comparing mortality rates in their state to overall mortality rates in the U.S. Which of the following mortality rates should the nurse use for this comparison?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A community health nurse is educating a client about the implications of a false negative result of a screening test. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of a false negative screening?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A community health nurse attends the American Public Health Association (APHA) meeting annually to stay current in the field and to interact with colleagues across the country. Which of the core functions of epidemiology is the nurse engaged in?

A nurse and a community team are using the nominal group planning method to analyze community-level data. Which of the following is true about nominal group planning?

A public health nurse is participating in a research study to determine how virulent a new virus is. Which of the following mortality measures should the nurse use to calculate this data?

A public health nurse plans to assess a community using the CHANGE model. According to this model, which of the following steps should the nurse take first?

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A community health nurse is preparing an in-service for staff to define the conditions of causation in epidemiological studies. Which of the following descriptions should the nurse use to define a temporal relationship to establish causation?

A public health nurse has been working with other staff at the health department to complete a community health assessment for their city. As part of their core function of assessment, which of the following should be done with the information?