Which of the following is a late sign of intracranial pressure?

Choice A: Progressive weakness and atrophy of muscle is a manifestation of ALS, as it results from the loss of motor

neurons that control voluntary muscle movements²³.

Choice B: Cramps, twitching, and lack of coordination is a manifestation of ALS, as it results from the abnormal activity of motor neurons that are still functioning²³.

Choice C: Spasticity, deep tendon reflexes brisk, and overactive is a manifestation of ALS, as it results from the damage to the upper motor neurons that regulate muscle tone²³.

Choice D: Difficulty speaking, swallowing, breathing is a manifestation of ALS, as it results from the involvement of the muscles in the mouth, throat, and chest²³.

Choice E: All of the above is correct, as all of these manifestations are common in ALS.

Choice a) is incorrect because Parkinson's disease is not an acute condition, but a chronic one that develops over time.

Choice b) is incorrect because Parkinson's disease is not associated with decreased levels of acetylcholine, but with decreased levels of dopamine. Acetylcholine is another neurotransmiter that is involved in muscle movement and memory.

Choice c) is incorrect because Parkinson's disease is not an acute condition, nor is it associated with decreased levels of acetylcholine.

Choice d) is correct because Parkinson's disease is a slow, progressive neurologic movement disorder that results from the loss of dopamine-producing cells in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmiter that helps regulate movement, mood, and motivation.