Which of the following describes an open traumatic brain injury?
Object penetrates the brain or trauma is so severe that the scalp and skull are opened
Stress
Acceleration/deceleration injury occurs when the head accelerates and then rapidly decelerates, damaging brain tissue
All of the above
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A: Object penetrates the brain or trauma is so severe that the scalp and skull are opened is correct because it is the definition of an open traumatic brain injury. An open traumatic brain injury occurs when a foreign object such as a bullet, knife, or bone fragment enters the brain or when a blunt force trauma such as a fall, collision, or assault causes a fracture or laceration of the skull. This can damage the brain tissue, blood vessels, and nerves and cause bleeding, swelling, or infection.
Choice B: Stress is incorrect because it is not a type of traumatic brain injury. Stress is a psychological or emotional response to a challenging or threatening situation. It can affect the brain function and health, but it does not cause physical damage to the brain tissue.
Choice C: Acceleration/deceleration injury occurs when the head accelerates and then rapidly decelerates, damaging brain tissue is incorrect because it is not an open traumatic brain injury. It is a type of closed traumatic brain injury, which occurs when the head moves violently without breaking the skull. This can cause the brain to hit against the inner wall of the skull or twist within the skull, resulting in bruising, tearing, or shearing of the brain tissue.
Choice D: All of the above are incorrect because only choice a) describes an open traumatic brain injury. Choices b) and c) are not related to an open traumatic brain injury and do not match its characteristics. The nurse should know the different types and causes of traumatic brain injury and their implications for assessment and care.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A: Ethnicity is not a modifiable risk factor of strokes, as it is determined by genetic and cultural factors that cannot be changed.
Choice B: Gender is not a modifiable risk factor of strokes, as it is determined by biological and hormonal factors that cannot be changed.
Choice C: Age is not a modifiable risk factor of strokes, as it is determined by chronological factors that cannot be changed.
Choice D: Obesity is a modifiable risk factor of strokes, as it can be reduced by lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise. Obesity can increase the risk of strokes by causing high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A: Thickened liquids or pureed diet is correct because it can prevent aspiration, choking, or malnutrition in stroke patients. A stroke can impair the patient's ability to swallow, chew, or control their tongue and mouth movements. This can cause food or liquids to enter the airway instead of the esophagus, leading to pneumonia or death. A thickened liquid or pureed diet consists of foods that are smooth, soft, and easy to swallow. The nurse should assess the patient's swallowing function and provide appropriate food and drink consistency.
Choice B: Regular diet is incorrect because it can be unsafe or unsuitable for stroke patients. A regular diet consists of foods that are solid, crunchy, or sticky and require normal chewing and swallowing abilities. The nurse should not give a regular diet to a stroke patient unless they have passed a swallowing evaluation and have no signs of dysphagia.
Choice C: Renal diet is incorrect because it is not specific to stroke patients. A renal diet is designed for patients with kidney disease or failure. It limits the intake of sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and protein to reduce the workload and waste products of the kidneys. The nurse should not give a renal diet to a stroke patient unless they also have a kidney condition and a doctor's order.
Choice D: Cardiac diet is incorrect because it is not specific to stroke patients. A cardiac diet is designed for patients with heart disease or risk factors. It limits the intake of saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, and sugar to lower the blood pressure and cholesterol levels and prevent further damage to the heart. The nurse should not give a cardiac diet to a stroke patient unless they also have a heart condition and a doctor's order.
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