Which of the following factors contributes to the development of osteoarthritis?
Chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane
Hyperactivity of the immune system
Deficiency of collagen in joint cartilage
Excessive physical activity and joint overuse
The Correct Answer is D
Excessive physical activity and joint overuse can contribute to the development of osteoarthritis. Repetitive use and mechanical stress on the joints can lead to cartilage degeneration over time.
a. Osteoarthritis is primarily a non-inflammatory condition. Chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane is more characteristic of other types of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
b. Osteoarthritis is not related to hyperactivity of the immune system. It is not an autoimmune disease, and the immune system is not involved in its pathogenesis.
c. Collagen is an essential component of joint cartilage. A deficiency of collagen would weaken the cartilage and contribute to joint degeneration. However, osteoarthritis is not primarily caused by collagen deficiency.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Using a TENS unit on the affected joint can help alleviate pain by delivering electrical impulses that interfere with pain signals to the brain. Applying a heating pad may provide temporary relief, but it is not as effective as using a TENS unit for pain management in osteoarthritis. High-impact exercises are not recommended, as they can exacerbate joint pain and damage. Massaging the affected joint with essential oils may offer some relief, but it is not as effective as using a TENS unit for pain management.
a. Applying a heating pad to the affected joint for 30 minutes daily. While applying a heating pad may provide some temporary relief, using a TENS unit is a more effective non-pharmacological intervention for pain management in osteoarthritis.
c. Performing high-impact exercises to strengthen the affected joint. High-impact exercises can exacerbate joint pain and damage in clients with osteoarthritis. Low-impact exercises are recommended instead.
d. Massaging the affected joint with essential oils. While massaging the affected joint may offer some relief, using a TENS unit is a more effective non-pharmacological intervention for pain management in osteoarthritis.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The presence of Heberden's nodes, which are bony enlargements at the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints, is a characteristic clinical manifestation of osteoarthritis. These nodes are a result of cartilage degeneration in the affected joints.
a. Joint pain that worsens with rest is more indicative of inflammatory arthritis conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, not osteoarthritis.
b. Joint pain that improves with activity is not typical of osteoarthritis, which tends to worsen with weight-bearing activities.
d. Warm and erythematous joints are signs of inflammation and are more commonly seen in inflammatory arthritis conditions, not osteoarthritis.
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