Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative joint disease primarily affecting which structures?
Synovial membrane and tendons
Articular cartilage and bone
Ligaments and bursae
Muscles and nerves
The Correct Answer is B
Osteoarthritis is characterized by the breakdown of articular cartilage and changes in the underlying bone. It primarily affects the joint structures, leading to pain, stiffness, and loss of joint function.
a. The synovial membrane and tendons are involved in other joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and tendinitis, not osteoarthritis.
c. Ligaments and bursae are important for joint stability and movement, but they are not primarily affected in osteoarthritis.
d. Muscles and nerves can be affected indirectly due to joint changes in osteoarthritis, but they are not the primary structures involved in the disease process.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
X-ray is the most commonly used diagnostic test to confirm the diagnosis of osteoarthritis. It can show joint space narrowing, osteophyte formation (bony overgrowths), and other changes characteristic of osteoarthritis. Rheumatoid factor (RF) and antinuclear antibody (ANA) blood tests are used to diagnose autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, not osteoarthritis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide more detailed images of joint structures, but X-ray is typically the initial diagnostic test for osteoarthritis.
a. Rheumatoid factor (RF) blood test is used to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis, not osteoarthritis.
b. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) blood test is used to diagnose autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), not osteoarthritis.
c. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be helpful in assessing joint structures in more detail, but X-ray is the primary diagnostic test for osteoarthritis.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Using a TENS unit on the affected joint can help alleviate pain by delivering electrical impulses that interfere with pain signals to the brain. Applying a heating pad may provide temporary relief, but it is not as effective as using a TENS unit for pain management in osteoarthritis. High-impact exercises are not recommended, as they can exacerbate joint pain and damage. Massaging the affected joint with essential oils may offer some relief, but it is not as effective as using a TENS unit for pain management.
a. Applying a heating pad to the affected joint for 30 minutes daily. While applying a heating pad may provide some temporary relief, using a TENS unit is a more effective non-pharmacological intervention for pain management in osteoarthritis.
c. Performing high-impact exercises to strengthen the affected joint. High-impact exercises can exacerbate joint pain and damage in clients with osteoarthritis. Low-impact exercises are recommended instead.
d. Massaging the affected joint with essential oils. While massaging the affected joint may offer some relief, using a TENS unit is a more effective non-pharmacological intervention for pain management in osteoarthritis.
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