Which of the following clients is at risk of developing acute kidney injury from a post-renal cause?

A client who is having an exacerbation of left-sided heart failure

A client with multiple sclerosis who has a flaccid bladder

A client who will receive contrast media for an MRI

A client who has thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   This is a pre-renal cause of acute kidney injury, related to decreased blood flow to the kidneys.
B.   This is a post-renal cause of acute kidney injury, as it obstructs the outflow of urine.
C.   This is an intrarenal cause of acute kidney injury, directly affecting the kidney tissue.
D.   This is an intrarenal cause of acute kidney injury, related to damage to the small blood vessels in the kidneys.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. This is an inflammation of the peritoneum, the lining of the abdominal cavity. It's a common complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. Fluid discharge from the catheter site and an increased white blood cell count are also indicative of infection, supporting the diagnosis of peritonitis.
B. This is inflammation of the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart. Symptoms typically include chest pain, shortness of breath, and irregular heartbeat.
C. This is inflammation of the pleura, the membranes surrounding the lungs. Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and dry cough.
D. This would present with severe abdominal pain, hypotension, and signs of shock. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are not typical symptoms.

A. Controlled hypertension B. Alcohol abuse 3 years ago C. Refractory cardiovascular disease D. Hepatitis C infection

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Hypertension is a risk factor for kidney disease. However, it can often be managed with medication. Controlled hypertension is not typically a contraindication for a kidney transplant.
B. If the client has maintained sobriety for a significant period, it might not be a contraindication. A history of alcohol abuse would require careful evaluation but doesn't necessarily preclude transplantation.
C. This is a contraindication for kidney transplantation. Severe heart disease can significantly increase the risks associated with surgery and post-transplant care.
D. Hepatitis C can be a challenge but it's not an absolute contraindication. Many transplant centers have protocols for managing hepatitis C-positive recipients.

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Which of the following clients is at risk of developing acute kidney injury from a post-renal cause?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient who performs dialysis at home using a catheter placed through the abdominal wall reports nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fluid discharge from the catheter site. The laboratory reports reveal an increased white blood cell count (WBC). Which condition does the nurse suspect in the patient?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client with rapidly progressing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) asks about the possibility of a kidney transplant. In responding to the client, the nurse understands that which of the following is a contraindication for receiving a kidney transplant?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client with acute kidney injury (AKI) has a serum potassium level of 6.5 mEq/L. The nurse recognizes that administering IV calcium gluconate to this client will result in which of the following effects?

A nurse is assessing a client who has chronic kidney disease (CKD) for fluid volume overload prior to scheduled hemodialysis. Which of the following methods provides a reliable measurement of the amount of fluid the client has retained since the last dialysis treatment?

During the diuretic phase of acute kidney injury, the nurse understands that the client is at risk for which of the following electrolyte imbalances?

A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a serum potassium level of 6.5 mEq/L. Which of the following medications removes excess potassium from the body?

A nurse is reviewing laboratory findings for four clients. Which of the following clients has manifestations of untreated chronic kidney disease?

A nurse is assessing a client's arteriovenous fistula prior to hemodialysis, but does not hear a bruit or feel a thrill. Pulses distal to the fistula are not palpable, and the capillary refill is slow. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?

A client who received a kidney transplant last month is in the nephrology clinic for a follow-up visit. Which education should the nurse provide to the client regarding complications which can arise after a kidney transplant?

A nurse is admitting a client who has been diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis. Considering the most common cause of this condition, which test should the nurse anticipate will be performed?