Which of the following best describes the concept of immunity?
The body's ability to tolerate foreign substances without a response.
The body's ability to produce antibodies against specific pathogens.
The body's ability to prevent infections from occurring.
The body's ability to fight off any type of infection.
The Correct Answer is B
Explanation: The body's ability to produce antibodies against specific pathogens. Immunity refers to the body's ability to recognize and respond to specific pathogens, such as bacteria or viruses, by producing antibodies that target and neutralize these invaders.
Incorrect choices:
a. The body's ability to tolerate foreign substances without a response is not immunity but rather the concept of immunological tolerance, which prevents the immune system from attacking the body's own cells and tissues.
c. Immunity does not guarantee the prevention of infections, but it provides protection and reduces the severity of infections upon subsequent exposures to the same pathogen.
d. While the immune system is designed to fight off infections, it is not capable of fighting off all types of infections equally. The immune response is specific to the type of pathogen encountered.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Explanation: During antibody-mediated immunity, B cells produce antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins that specifically recognize and bind to antigens on the surface of pathogens or foreign substances. This binding marks the pathogens for destruction by other immune cells or neutralizes their harmful effects.
Incorrect choices:
a. Cytokines are small proteins that serve as signaling molecules in the immune system, regulating the behavior and activity of immune cells. B cells can secrete cytokines, but their primary function is antibody production.
b. Cytotoxic granules contain substances like perforin and granzymes and are released by cytotoxic T cells to induce apoptosis in infected or abnormal cells. B cells do not produce cytotoxic granules.
d. Perforin is a protein released by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells to create pores in the membrane of infected cells, leading to cell death. B cells do not produce perforin.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Explanation: At 2 months of age, infants are recommended to receive the DTaP vaccine, which protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (whooping cough). The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella and is usually administered at a later age. The hepatitis B vaccine is given shortly after birth, and the varicella vaccine is typically administered at 12 months of age.
Incorrect choices:
a. The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella, not whooping cough (pertussis).
b. The hepatitis B vaccine is typically given shortly after birth, not at 2 months of age.
d. The varicella vaccine is usually administered at 12 months of age, not at 2 months.
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