Which of the following best describes a neuroblastoma?

Choice A: Placing the child on a no-salt-added diet is an important intervention for acute glomerulonephritis, as salt can increase fluid retention and blood pressure. However, this is not the priority action, as it does not address the immediate problem of fluid overload.

Choice B: Maintaining a saline lock is a useful measure for acute glomerulonephritis, as it allows for easy access to administer fluids or medications if needed. However, this is not the priority action, as it does not monitor the fluid status of the child.

Choice C: Educating the parents about potential complications is an essential part of nursing care for acute glomerulonephritis, as it can help them recognize signs of worsening conditions and seek timely medical attention. However, this is not the priority action, as it does not assess the current condition of the child.

Choice D: Checking the child's daily weight is the priority action for acute glomerulonephritis, as it is the most accurate indicator of fluid balance and kidney function. A sudden increase in weight can indicate fluid retention and edema, which can lead to heart failure or pulmonary edema. A decrease in weight can indicate dehydration or diuresis, which can lead to hypovolemia or electrolyte imbalance.

Choice A reason: This choice is incorrect because a 1-year-old toddler who has roseola and a temperature of 39° C (102.2° F) is not the most urgent case to assess. Roseola is a viral infection that causes a rash on the trunk and limbs, followed by a high fever that lasts for several days. It usually affects infants and young children and is self-limiting.
The fever can be managed by giving antipyretics such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, and by providing fluids and comfort measures. The fever does not indicate any serious complication or threat to life.

Choice B reason: This choice is incorrect because a 4-year-old child who has asthma and an O2 sat of 97% is not the most urgent case to assess. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, or shortness of breath. It may be triggered by allergens, irritants, exercise, or infections. The O2 sat is a measure of oxygen saturation in the blood, which indicates how well oxygen is delivered to the tissues. A normal O2 sat range is 95% to 100%, so an O2 sat of 97% indicates that the child has adequate oxygenation and is not in respiratory distress.

Choice C reason: This choice is correct because a 10-year-old child who has sickle cell anemia and reports severe chest pain is the most urgent case to assess. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that causes the red blood cells to become sickle-shaped and clump together, blocking the blood flow and oxygen delivery to the organs and tissues. It may cause severe pain in the chest, abdomen, joints, or bones, as well as symptoms such as pallor, jaundice, fatigue, or shortness of breath. Severe chest pain may indicate acute chest syndrome, which is a life-threatening complication of sickle cell anemia that involves infection or infarction of the lungs. It may cause fever, cough, hypoxia, or respiratory failure. Therefore, assessing and treating this child is a priority to prevent further damage and death.

Choice D reason: This choice is incorrect because a 7-year-old child who has diabetes insipidus and a urine specific gravity of 1.016 is not the most urgent case to assess. Diabetes insipidus is a rare disorder that affects the balance of fluids in the body. It causes the kidneys to produce large amounts of dilute urine, leading to polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, or electrolyte imbalance. It may be caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or a resistance to its action. The urine specific gravity is a measure of urine concentration, which indicates how well the kidneys are functioning. A normal urine specific gravity range is 1.005 to 1.030, so a urine specific gravity of 1.016 indicates that the child has normal urine concentration and is not dehydrated.