Which of the following are nursing interventions for phobias? Select all that apply.

Choice A rationale:

Establishing a therapeutic relationship with the client based on trust, empathy, respect, and acceptance (Choice A) is a crucial nursing intervention for phobias. This helps create a foundation of trust and safety, allowing the client to feel understood and supported in addressing their phobic responses.

Choice B rationale:

Providing a safe and supportive environment for the client (Choice B) is another essential intervention. This environment enables the client to feel secure and encourages them to explore their fears gradually, knowing they are in a protected setting.

Choice C rationale:

Encouraging the client to avoid situations that trigger phobic responses (Choice C) is not a recommended intervention. Avoidance can reinforce the phobia and hinder progress in overcoming it. Encouraging gradual exposure to feared situations is a more effective strategy.

Choice D rationale:

Assisting the client to identify and challenge irrational thoughts and beliefs (Choice D) is an evidence-based intervention. This approach, known as cognitive-behavioral therapy, helps clients recognize and modify distorted thought patterns that contribute to their phobias.

Choice E rationale:

Implementing exposure therapy with the client (Choice E) is a valid intervention for phobias. Exposure therapy involves gradually exposing the client to the feared object or situation in a controlled manner, helping them desensitize and reduce their fear response.

Choice B rationale:

The client's intense fear of embarrassing themselves in front of others and the specific fear related to giving a presentation are indicative of social phobia (social anxiety disorder) Social phobia involves an excessive fear of social situations where the individual fears negative evaluation or judgment by others, leading to avoidance of such situations.

Choice A rationale:

While the client's fear is related to public speaking, the emphasis is on the fear of embarrassment and negative evaluation rather than a fear of a specific object or situation, which aligns more with social phobia.

Choice C rationale:

Agoraphobia does not align with the client's fear of public speaking. Agoraphobia involves the fear of situations where escape might be difficult or help might not be available if a panic attack occurs, often leading to avoidance of various places or situations.

Choice D rationale:

Panic disorder involves recurrent and unexpected panic attacks, which are not explicitly mentioned in the client's statement. The focus of the client's fear is on the social aspect of giving a presentation rather than on panic attacks.