Which of the following are indicative of hypochondriasis? (Select all that apply.)
Symptoms most commonly appear in early childhood
First diagnosed following a severe stressor.
Sufferers usually have strained interpersonal relationships
The course of the disorder follows a see-saw pattern and tends to become chronic
More frequent in person exposed to a serious illness in childhood
Correct Answer : C,D
C. Hypochondriasis can strain interpersonal relationships due to excessive preoccupation with health concerns, frequent doctor visits, and seeking reassurance from others.
D. Hypochondriasis often follows a chronic course with periods of intense anxiety about health alternating with periods of relative calm. Despite reassurances and negative medical tests, individuals with hypochondriasis may continue to worry about their health
A. Hypochondriasis typically develops in adulthood rather than childhood. It involves persistent anxiety about health and the interpretation of normal bodily sensations as signs of serious illness. Childhood is less commonly associated with the onset of hypochondriasis.
B. While stress can exacerbate symptoms of hypochondriasis, it is not typically diagnosed immediately following a specific stressor. The disorder often develops gradually over time due to a combination of factors, including anxiety, personality traits, and past experiences with illness.
E. There is no consistent evidence suggesting that exposure to serious illness in childhood predisposes individuals to hypochondriasis. The disorder is more associated with individual psychological factors, cognitive biases, and anxiety sensitivity rather than childhood illness exposure.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
C This is a common and potentially life-threatening complication in individuals with anorexia nervosa who are undergoing treatment. It can lead to cardiac arrhythmias.
A. Anorexia nervosa can lead to electrolyte imbalances, including hyponatremia (low serum sodium level), due to inadequate intake of sodium and fluid restriction. Antidepressants, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), can also contribute to hyponatremia by causing the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), which leads to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. However, it is not as life-threatening as hypokalemia.
B. Anorexia nervosa can lead to electrolyte imbalances, including hyponatremia (low serum sodium level), due to inadequate intake of sodium and fluid restriction. However, it is not as life-threatening as hypokalemia.
D. Anorexia nervosa typically does not lead to hyperkalemia (high serum potassium level), as potassium is usually lost through purging behaviors or inadequate intake. Antidepressants also do not commonly cause hyperkalemia as a side effect.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
D. Peer relationships are critically important during adolescence. Positive peer relationships can provide emotional support, a sense of belonging, and opportunities for socialization and development of social skills. On the other hand, negative peer relationships, such as bullying, social exclusion, or conflicts with peers, can contribute to feelings of loneliness, rejection, and depression.
A. While positive communication between teachers and teenagers can contribute to academic success and emotional support, it is not typically listed as a primary factor directly related to depression in adolescence. Issues related to academics and school performance may indirectly affect depression, but direct communication with teachers is less likely to be a significant factor compared to other options.
B. Effective communication between parents and teenagers plays a crucial role in adolescent development. Supportive and open communication can help adolescents feel understood, validated, and supported, which can have a protective effect against depression. Conversely, poor communication or conflict within the family environment can contribute to feelings of isolation, distress, and ultimately depression.
C. Academic stress, performance pressure, and difficulties in school can significantly impact an adolescent's mental health. High expectations, bullying, academic failure, or feeling overwhelmed by schoolwork can contribute to feelings of inadequacy, low self-esteem, and depression in adolescents.
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