The death rate from anorexia is higher than any other mental illness. Death usually results from which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Electrolyte imbalances

Suicide

Diabetes

Dehydration

Loss of critical muscle mass

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,D,E

A. Severely restricted food intake can lead to imbalances in electrolytes such as potassium, sodium, and chloride. These imbalances can disrupt normal heart rhythm (arrhythmias) and other vital functions, potentially leading to cardiac arrest, which is a common cause of death in individuals with anorexia nervosa.

B. Individuals with anorexia nervosa are at increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. This risk may be due to the severe psychological distress associated with the disorder, as well as the physical complications that can feel overwhelming. Suicide can unfortunately be a tragic consequence in some cases.

D Dehydration is a significant risk in individuals with anorexia nervosa, especially when combined with electrolyte imbalances. Dehydration can lead to organ failure, particularly kidney failure, which can be life-threatening if not promptly treated.

E. Severe muscle wasting can occur in individuals with anorexia nervosa, particularly in later stages of the disorder. Loss of muscle mass contributes to overall physical weakness and compromises essential bodily functions, potentially leading to organ failure and death.

C. Anorexia nervosa itself does not directly cause diabetes. However, individuals with severe anorexia may develop metabolic disturbances, including insulin resistance, due to malnutrition. This can lead to abnormal blood sugar levels, but diabetes as a direct cause of death in anorexia is less common compared to other complications.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. Sertraline is a commonly prescribed SSRI used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD), and other conditions. It works by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain, which helps improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression.

A. Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine used primarily for its anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) effects. It is not an SSRI and is not typically prescribed as a first-line treatment for depression.

C. Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), not an SSRI. TCAs are older antidepressants that work on multiple neurotransmitter systems, including serotonin, but they are less commonly prescribed as first-line treatment due to their side effect profile.

D. Clonazepam is also a benzodiazepine used for treating anxiety disorders and certain types of seizures. Like lorazepam, it is not an SSRI and is not typically used as a first-line treatment for depression.

A. A male client with severe long-lasting major depression and at risk for suicide B. A male client with major depressive disorder and history of heart disease C. A female client with dysthymic disorder D. A female client with major depression and brain metastasis

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. ECT is often considered for severe major depression that has not responded to other treatments, especially when there is a risk of suicide. ECT can provide rapid relief of symptoms, which is crucial in cases where immediate intervention is needed to prevent harm to the patient.

B. While ECT is generally safe for individuals with medical conditions, including heart disease, special precautions might be needed. However, the presence of heart disease alone would not necessarily preclude ECT if the benefits outweigh the risks and if the client's cardiac status is stable.

C. Dysthymic disorder, characterized by persistent depressive symptoms that are less severe than major depression, typically does not warrant ECT. ECT is usually reserved for more severe forms of depression that significantly impair daily functioning or pose a risk to the patient's safety.

D. ECT may be contraindicated or require careful consideration in clients with brain metastasis due to potential risks related to increased intracranial pressure or neurological complications. Alternative treatments may be preferred in such cases.

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The death rate from anorexia is higher than any other mental illness. Death usually results from which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

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Explanation

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