Which of the following are examples of a nurse using non-therapeutic communication techniques? (Select all that apply)

Choice A reason: Command hallucinations directing harmful actions, like throwing a plate, indicate a severe psychotic state posing imminent danger to others. This meets criteria for emergency or involuntary admission to ensure safety and stabilize the mental illness, making this the correct choice.

Choice B reason: Staying in their room during outpatient therapy suggests withdrawal but not imminent danger. Outpatient settings allow autonomy, and this behavior does not warrant emergency admission unless accompanied by severe risk, making this choice incorrect for involuntary intervention.

Choice C reason: Requesting to speak with a nurse indicates engagement with care, not a crisis requiring emergency admission. It reflects a desire for support, not danger to self or others, making this choice inappropriate for involuntary hospitalization in mental health settings.

Choice D reason: Playing cards alone during group therapy suggests social withdrawal, not an acute crisis. This behavior does not indicate imminent danger or severe mental instability requiring emergency admission, making it incorrect compared to violent actions driven by hallucinations.

Choice A reason: Describing consequences of actions indicates cognitive awareness and problem-solving skills, but it does not directly reflect a healthy self-concept. Self-concept involves self-perception, esteem, and a balanced view of strengths and limitations. This choice focuses on behavioral outcomes, not internal self-worth, making it an inadequate indicator of the goal.

Choice B reason: Perceiving oneself as always capable of achieving goals suggests overconfidence or grandiosity, which can indicate a maladaptive self-concept, potentially linked to narcissistic traits. A healthy self-concept involves realistic self-assessment, acknowledging both strengths and limitations. This choice reflects an unbalanced view, making it incorrect for the goal of a healthy self-concept.

Choice C reason: Seeking help when needed demonstrates a healthy self-concept, reflecting self-awareness, humility, and confidence in recognizing personal limitations. This aligns with psychological theories of self-esteem, emphasizing balanced self-perception and social interdependence. It indicates emotional maturity and adaptive coping, making this the correct choice for achieving the goal.

Choice D reason: Meeting own needs without regard for others’ rights suggests selfishness or lack of empathy, indicative of a maladaptive self-concept. A healthy self-concept includes respect for social boundaries and reciprocity, which this choice violates. It reflects a self-centered approach, not a balanced or healthy self-perception, making it incorrect.