An adult says, "I have no answers," and "My opinion does not count." Which psychosocial crisis was unsuccessfully resolved for this adult?
Trust versus mistrust
Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Initiative versus guilt
Identity versus role confusion
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Trust versus mistrust, Erikson's first psychosocial stage (0–1 year), focuses on developing trust in caregivers for basic needs. Failure leads to fear and suspicion, not feelings of worthlessness or insignificance. These symptoms do not align with the adult’s statements about opinions not counting, making this choice scientifically inaccurate for the described crisis.
Choice B reason: Autonomy versus shame and doubt, Erikson’s second stage (1–3 years), involves gaining independence in actions like self-care. Failure results in shame and self-doubt about autonomy, not a broader sense of worthlessness or lack of influence. This stage is unrelated to the adult’s expressed feelings, rendering this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Initiative versus guilt, the third stage (3–6 years), centers on initiating activities and asserting control. Failure leads to guilt over actions, not a diminished sense of self-worth or influence. The adult’s statements reflect identity struggles, not guilt from initiative, so this choice does not fit the psychosocial crisis described.
Choice D reason: Identity versus role confusion, Erikson’s fifth stage (12–18 years), involves forming a cohesive self-identity. Failure leads to role confusion, low self-esteem, and feelings of insignificance, directly aligning with the adult’s statements about having no answers and opinions not counting. This unresolved crisis persists into adulthood, making this the correct choice.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, reduces neuronal activity, not enhances cognitive functions like memory. Memory improvement is associated with cholinergic or glutamatergic systems, not GABA, making this choice incorrect for the expected effect of GABA potentiation.
Choice B reason: Fewer visual hallucinations are associated with antipsychotics affecting dopamine, not GABA. GABA’s inhibitory effects calm the brain but do not directly target psychotic symptoms like hallucinations, making this choice incorrect for the medication’s effect.
Choice C reason: GABA potentiation, as with benzodiazepines, enhances inhibitory effects, reducing neuronal excitability and calming the central nervous system. This directly alleviates anxiety, a primary therapeutic effect, aligning with GABA’s role in anxiety disorders, making this the correct choice.
Choice D reason: Increased alertness is contrary to GABA’s inhibitory effects, which promote sedation. Stimulants, not GABAergic drugs, enhance alertness, making this choice incorrect, as GABA potentiation leads to calming, not stimulating, effects on the brain.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Asking about feelings explores emotions but does not address the patient’s question about neurotransmitters. Educational queries require informative responses to enhance understanding, not redirection to feelings, making this choice non-therapeutic and incorrect for the patient’s need.
Choice B reason: Explaining neurotransmitters as brain communication chemicals directly addresses the patient’s question. It provides clear, accurate information about their role in mood and behavior, aligning with patient education principles in psychiatric nursing, making this the correct, informative response.
Choice C reason: Focusing on medication avoids explaining neurotransmitters, failing to address the patient’s educational need. It shifts focus prematurely to treatment, which may confuse the patient, making this response less effective and incorrect for providing the requested information.
Choice D reason: Deferring to the doctor dismisses the nurse’s role in patient education, undermining trust. Nurses are equipped to explain basic concepts like neurotransmitters, and this response fails to meet the patient’s need for understanding, making it non-therapeutic and incorrect.
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