An adult says, "I have no answers," and "My opinion does not count." Which psychosocial crisis was unsuccessfully resolved for this adult?

Trust versus mistrust

Autonomy versus shame and doubt

Initiative versus guilt

Identity versus role confusion

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Trust versus mistrust, Erikson's first psychosocial stage (0–1 year), focuses on developing trust in caregivers for basic needs. Failure leads to fear and suspicion, not feelings of worthlessness or insignificance. These symptoms do not align with the adult’s statements about opinions not counting, making this choice scientifically inaccurate for the described crisis.

Choice B reason: Autonomy versus shame and doubt, Erikson’s second stage (1–3 years), involves gaining independence in actions like self-care. Failure results in shame and self-doubt about autonomy, not a broader sense of worthlessness or lack of influence. This stage is unrelated to the adult’s expressed feelings, rendering this choice incorrect.

Choice C reason: Initiative versus guilt, the third stage (3–6 years), centers on initiating activities and asserting control. Failure leads to guilt over actions, not a diminished sense of self-worth or influence. The adult’s statements reflect identity struggles, not guilt from initiative, so this choice does not fit the psychosocial crisis described.

Choice D reason: Identity versus role confusion, Erikson’s fifth stage (12–18 years), involves forming a cohesive self-identity. Failure leads to role confusion, low self-esteem, and feelings of insignificance, directly aligning with the adult’s statements about having no answers and opinions not counting. This unresolved crisis persists into adulthood, making this the correct choice.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Describing consequences of actions indicates cognitive awareness and problem-solving skills, but it does not directly reflect a healthy self-concept. Self-concept involves self-perception, esteem, and a balanced view of strengths and limitations. This choice focuses on behavioral outcomes, not internal self-worth, making it an inadequate indicator of the goal.

Choice B reason: Perceiving oneself as always capable of achieving goals suggests overconfidence or grandiosity, which can indicate a maladaptive self-concept, potentially linked to narcissistic traits. A healthy self-concept involves realistic self-assessment, acknowledging both strengths and limitations. This choice reflects an unbalanced view, making it incorrect for the goal of a healthy self-concept.

Choice C reason: Seeking help when needed demonstrates a healthy self-concept, reflecting self-awareness, humility, and confidence in recognizing personal limitations. This aligns with psychological theories of self-esteem, emphasizing balanced self-perception and social interdependence. It indicates emotional maturity and adaptive coping, making this the correct choice for achieving the goal.

Choice D reason: Meeting own needs without regard for others’ rights suggests selfishness or lack of empathy, indicative of a maladaptive self-concept. A healthy self-concept includes respect for social boundaries and reciprocity, which this choice violates. It reflects a self-centered approach, not a balanced or healthy self-perception, making it incorrect.

A. Trust, collaboration, and boundaries B. Medication adherence strategies C. Coping skill development D. Long-term treatment goals

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: In Peplau’s orientation phase, the nurse establishes trust, fosters collaboration, and sets boundaries to build a therapeutic relationship. This foundation is critical for patients with psychiatric disorders, ensuring a safe space for engagement, making this the correct choice.

Choice B reason: Medication adherence is a clinical intervention addressed later, in the working phase, not orientation. The initial phase focuses on relationship-building, not specific treatments, making this choice incorrect for the orientation phase’s goals.

Choice C reason: Coping skill development occurs in the working phase, after trust is established. Orientation prioritizes relationship foundations like trust and boundaries, not skill-building, making this choice incorrect for the initial nurse-patient interaction phase.

Choice D reason: Long-term goals are addressed in the working or termination phases, not orientation, which focuses on establishing trust and rapport. Setting goals prematurely may hinder relationship-building, making this choice incorrect for the orientation phase.

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An adult says, "I have no answers," and "My opinion does not count." Which psychosocial crisis was unsuccessfully resolved for this adult?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which finding best indicates that the goal "demonstrate a healthy self-concept" has been achieved for an adult?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Hildegard Peplau came up with the phases of the nurse-patient relationship. What does the nurse address during the orientation phase with a patient diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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