Applying a bitter substance to the nails for people who tend to bite their nails is a form of which type of therapy?

Role modeling

Aversion therapy

Milieu therapy

Desensitization therapy

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Role modeling involves demonstrating positive behaviors for others to emulate, often used in social learning. It does not involve applying negative stimuli like bitter substances to deter behaviors. Nail-biting treatment requires a direct intervention to discourage the habit, making this choice scientifically inappropriate.

Choice B reason: Aversion therapy uses an unpleasant stimulus, like a bitter substance, to create a negative association with an undesired behavior, such as nail-biting. This behavioral technique aims to reduce the behavior through conditioning, aligning with the described intervention, making this the correct choice for the therapy type.

Choice C reason: Milieu therapy focuses on creating a therapeutic environment to promote mental health, not targeting specific behaviors like nail-biting. It involves group dynamics and structured settings, not aversive stimuli. This approach is unrelated to the described intervention, making this choice incorrect.

Choice D reason: Desensitization therapy gradually exposes individuals to anxiety-provoking stimuli to reduce fear, commonly used for phobias. It does not involve aversive stimuli to deter behaviors like nail-biting. This therapy is unrelated to the described intervention, making it an incorrect choice for this scenario.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Encouraging the patient to argue with auditory hallucinations can escalate distress and reinforce engagement with the voices, which is non-therapeutic in schizophrenia management. Evidence-based practice emphasizes reducing focus on hallucinations through coping strategies, not confrontation, making this choice incorrect.

Choice B reason: Teaching distraction techniques, like listening to music, is an evidence-based non-pharmacological intervention for managing auditory hallucinations. It helps shift attention away from the voices, reducing their intensity and promoting coping, aligning with psychiatric nursing principles, making this the correct choice.

Choice C reason: Administering an additional dose of antipsychotic medication without prescriber consultation violates nursing scope of practice and safety protocols. It risks toxicity and side effects, such as extrapyramidal symptoms, making this choice unsafe and incorrect for managing hallucinations.

Choice D reason: Advising the patient to ignore hallucinations is oversimplified and often ineffective, as it dismisses the distress caused by symptoms. This approach lacks therapeutic support and does not provide practical coping strategies, making it less appropriate than teaching distraction techniques.

A. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B. Norepinephrine C. Histamine D. Serotonin

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces neuronal activity, promoting calm. In fear, the sympathetic nervous system activates, increasing heart rate and blood pressure, driven by excitatory neurotransmitters, not GABA, which would counteract these effects, making this choice incorrect.

Choice B reason: Norepinephrine, a catecholamine, activates the sympathetic nervous system during fear, increasing heart rate and blood pressure via the fight-or-flight response. Its heightened activity in stress aligns with the patient’s symptoms, making this the correct neurotransmitter choice.

Choice C reason: Histamine regulates arousal and allergic responses but is not primarily responsible for cardiovascular changes in fear. Its role in the brain is less direct than norepinephrine in driving sympathetic activation, making this choice incorrect for the symptoms described.

Choice D reason: Serotonin modulates mood and anxiety but does not directly cause acute cardiovascular changes like increased heart rate and blood pressure in fear. These are driven by norepinephrine’s sympathetic activation, making serotonin an incorrect choice for this scenario.

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Applying a bitter substance to the nails for people who tend to bite their nails is a form of which type of therapy?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is working with a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia who is experiencing auditory hallucinations. Which intervention best supports the patient in managing these symptoms?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A fearful patient has an increased heart rate and blood pressure. The nurse suspects increased activity of which neurotransmitter?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

When using cognitive behavioral theory with an anxious, withdrawn patient, interventions should focus on which of the following?

Which of the following are examples of a nurse using non-therapeutic communication techniques? (Select all that apply)

Which individual diagnosed with a mental illness may require an emergency or involuntary admission?

An adolescent hospitalized after a physical outburst tells the nurse, "I’m going to kill my father, but you can’t tell anyone." Select the nurse’s best response.

Silence can be a helpful therapeutic tool for group participants by giving each an opportunity to contemplate what has transpired, weigh alternatives, and formulate ideas. Which statement best supports this?

Which therapeutic technique best communicates to a patient that the nurse is interested in listening?

A patient has acute anxiety related to a car accident. The nurse knows the patient will need teaching about which medication category?