A nurse knows operant conditioning is part of the treatment plan to encourage speech in a child who is nearly mute. Which technique should the nurse apply?
Include the child in small group activities
Encourage the child to observe others talking
Give the child a small treat for speaking
Teach the child relaxation techniques
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Including the child in group activities promotes socialization but is not operant conditioning, which uses rewards to reinforce specific behaviors like speech. This approach lacks direct reinforcement, making it ineffective for the targeted behavior, thus incorrect.
Choice B reason: Observing others talking may model behavior but is not operant conditioning, which requires direct reinforcement of the desired action (speech). Passive observation does not provide the reward structure needed to encourage speech, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Operant conditioning uses positive reinforcement, like giving a treat for speaking, to increase the desired behavior. This directly rewards the child’s speech, aligning with behavioral psychology principles to encourage verbalization, making this the correct choice.
Choice D reason: Relaxation techniques address anxiety but are not operant conditioning, which focuses on reinforcing specific behaviors with rewards. They do not directly encourage speech, making this choice incorrect for the behavioral approach specified in the treatment plan.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Describing consequences of actions indicates cognitive awareness and problem-solving skills, but it does not directly reflect a healthy self-concept. Self-concept involves self-perception, esteem, and a balanced view of strengths and limitations. This choice focuses on behavioral outcomes, not internal self-worth, making it an inadequate indicator of the goal.
Choice B reason: Perceiving oneself as always capable of achieving goals suggests overconfidence or grandiosity, which can indicate a maladaptive self-concept, potentially linked to narcissistic traits. A healthy self-concept involves realistic self-assessment, acknowledging both strengths and limitations. This choice reflects an unbalanced view, making it incorrect for the goal of a healthy self-concept.
Choice C reason: Seeking help when needed demonstrates a healthy self-concept, reflecting self-awareness, humility, and confidence in recognizing personal limitations. This aligns with psychological theories of self-esteem, emphasizing balanced self-perception and social interdependence. It indicates emotional maturity and adaptive coping, making this the correct choice for achieving the goal.
Choice D reason: Meeting own needs without regard for others’ rights suggests selfishness or lack of empathy, indicative of a maladaptive self-concept. A healthy self-concept includes respect for social boundaries and reciprocity, which this choice violates. It reflects a self-centered approach, not a balanced or healthy self-perception, making it incorrect.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: A 16-year-old voluntarily admitted for mental health treatment has the legal right to refuse treatment, as voluntary admission implies consent and autonomy. Minors may have limited rights, but voluntary status allows refusal unless overridden by guardianship or legal statutes, making this the correct choice.
Choice B reason: A 20-year-old with court-ordered treatment lacks the legal right to refuse, as a court mandate overrides autonomy due to assessed risk or incapacity. Legal frameworks prioritize compliance in such cases to ensure safety and treatment efficacy, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: A 35-year-old involuntarily admitted client cannot refuse treatment, as involuntary admission indicates a legal determination of danger or incapacity. Mental health laws prioritize intervention over autonomy in these cases to protect the client or others, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: An adult refusing life-threatening treatment may face legal restrictions, as mental health laws can override refusal if the client poses a danger or lacks capacity. This scenario does not clearly grant a legal right to refuse, unlike voluntary admission, making this choice incorrect.
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