A nurse knows operant conditioning is part of the treatment plan to encourage speech in a child who is nearly mute. Which technique should the nurse apply?

Include the child in small group activities

Encourage the child to observe others talking

Give the child a small treat for speaking

Teach the child relaxation techniques

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Including the child in group activities promotes socialization but is not operant conditioning, which uses rewards to reinforce specific behaviors like speech. This approach lacks direct reinforcement, making it ineffective for the targeted behavior, thus incorrect.

Choice B reason: Observing others talking may model behavior but is not operant conditioning, which requires direct reinforcement of the desired action (speech). Passive observation does not provide the reward structure needed to encourage speech, making this choice incorrect.

Choice C reason: Operant conditioning uses positive reinforcement, like giving a treat for speaking, to increase the desired behavior. This directly rewards the child’s speech, aligning with behavioral psychology principles to encourage verbalization, making this the correct choice.

Choice D reason: Relaxation techniques address anxiety but are not operant conditioning, which focuses on reinforcing specific behaviors with rewards. They do not directly encourage speech, making this choice incorrect for the behavioral approach specified in the treatment plan.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: The orientation phase focuses on establishing group norms, trust, and goals, not addressing termination. Discussing endings at this stage could disrupt group cohesion and engagement, as members are building relationships, making this choice incorrect for introducing termination.

Choice B reason: The working phase emphasizes active therapeutic work, such as addressing conflicts and goals. Termination is not the focus, as members are engaged in processing issues. Introducing termination here could distract from ongoing work, making this choice incorrect.

Choice C reason: The termination phase is designed to address group closure, reviewing progress and preparing for separation. Discussing termination aligns with this phase’s focus on processing endings and transitioning, a key aspect of group therapy dynamics, making this the correct choice.

Choice D reason: The pre-group phase involves planning and recruitment, not therapeutic activities like addressing termination. This phase sets the stage for group formation, not closure, making it inappropriate for discussing termination, rendering this choice incorrect.

A. Monitor for weight gain and metabolic changes B. Watch for movement disorders like tardive dyskinesia C. Report any signs of infection immediately D. Expect improved mood within days

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Weight gain and metabolic changes are side effects of clozapine, primarily due to its antihistaminic and serotonergic effects, not its dopaminergic action. Dopamine blockade is more associated with movement disorders, making this choice incorrect for teaching related to dopaminergic effects.

Choice B reason: Clozapine’s strong dopaminergic effect, particularly D2 receptor blockade, can cause extrapyramidal symptoms like tardive dyskinesia, a movement disorder. Patient education must emphasize monitoring for abnormal movements, as these are significant risks in antipsychotic therapy, making this the correct choice.

Choice C reason: Infection risk, particularly agranulocytosis, is a serious clozapine side effect but is unrelated to its dopaminergic action. It stems from bone marrow suppression, requiring blood monitoring, not dopamine-related teaching, making this choice incorrect for the question’s focus.

Choice D reason: Improved mood is not a direct result of clozapine’s dopaminergic effect, which primarily addresses psychotic symptoms. Mood changes occur over weeks and involve multiple receptors, not just dopamine, making this choice incorrect for dopaminergic-focused teaching.

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A nurse knows operant conditioning is part of the treatment plan to encourage speech in a child who is nearly mute. Which technique should the nurse apply?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

In which phase of group therapy should the nurse plan to first address termination?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A patient begins therapy with clozapine medication. What teaching should the nurse provide related to the drug’s strong dopaminergic effect?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A fearful patient has an increased heart rate and blood pressure. The nurse suspects increased activity of which neurotransmitter?

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