Which of the following are contraindications for VBAC? (Select All that Apply.).

Choice A reason:

Intermittent abdominal pain following passage of bloody mucus is not a sign of placenta previa, but rather of bloody show, which is a normal occurrence in late pregnancy as the cervix begins to dilate and efface.

Choice B reason:

Abdominal pain with minimal red vaginal bleeding is not a sign of placenta previa, but rather of abruptio placentae, which is a serious complication where the placenta detaches from the uterine wall before delivery.

Choice C reason:

A large amount of bright red vaginal bleeding without pain is a sign of placenta previa, which is a condition where the placenta covers part or all of the cervical opening. This can cause bleeding when the cervix dilates or contracts, especially in the third trimester. This is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention.

Choice D reason:

Severe abdominal pain with increasing fundal height is not a sign of placenta previa, but rather of uterine rupture, which is a rare but life-threatening complication where the uterus tears open along the scar line from a previous cesarean delivery or other uterine surgery. This can cause severe bleeding, fetal distress, and shock.

Choice A:

Temperature is not a priority finding to report to the provider. The newborn's temperature may vary slightly depending on the environment and the method of measurement. A normal temperature range for a newborn is 36.5°C to 37.5°C (97.7°F to 99.5°F).

Choice B:

Respiratory findings are important to report to the provider because the newborn had a low Apgar score at 1 minute and required positive pressure ventilation and oxygen. The nurse should assess the newborn's respiratory rate, effort, breath sounds, and oxygen saturation. Any signs of respiratory distress, such as tachypnea, grunting, retractions, nasal flaring, or cyanosis, should be reported immediately.

Choice C:

Serum glucose is a critical finding to report to the provider because the newborn is at risk for hypoglycemia due to the abruptio placenta and the emergency cesarean birth. Hypoglycemia can cause neurological damage and seizures in newborns. A normal serum glucose level for a newborn is 40 to 60 mg/dL.

Choice D:

Hematocrit is a significant finding to report to the provider because the newborn may have polycythemia or anemia due to the abruptio placenta and the blood loss during delivery.

Polycythemia can cause hyperviscosity and thrombosis, while anemia can cause hypoxia and shock. A normal hematocrit level for a newborn is 42% to 65%.

Choice E:

White blood cell count is not a priority finding to report to the provider. The newborn's white blood cell count may be elevated due to the stress of birth or a maternal infection. A normal white blood cell count for a newborn is 9,000 to 30,000/mm3.

Choice F:

Hemoglobin is an important finding to report to the provider because the newborn may have polycythemia or anemia due to the abruptio placenta and the blood loss during delivery.

Hemoglobin is the main component of red blood cells that carries oxygen to the tissues. A normal hemoglobin level for a newborn is 14 to 24 g/dL.

Choice G:

Heart rate is a vital finding to report to the provider because the newborn had a non- reassuring fetal heart rate during labor and delivery. The nurse should monitor the newborn's heart rate and rhythm for any signs of bradycardia, tachycardia, or arrhythmias. A normal heart rate range for a newborn is 110 to 160 beats per minute.