Which of the following anti-hypertensive medication belongs to the ACE Inhibitors?
Lisinopril.
Candesartan.
Metoprolol.
Amlodipine.
The Correct Answer is A
Lisinopril belongs to the class of drugs called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. ACE inhibitors work by blocking the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a hormone that causes blood vessels to narrow and raise blood pressure. By inhibiting this enzyme, ACE inhibitors relax and widen the blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and improve blood flow to the heart and kidneys.
Choice B. Candesartan is wrong because it belongs to the class of drugs called angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). ARBs work by blocking the action of angiotensin II on its receptors, preventing it from causing blood vessel constriction and high blood pressure. ARBs are similar to ACE inhibitors in their effects, but they do not affect the enzyme or the level of bradykinin, a peptide that can cause cough and angioedema as side effects of ACE inhibitors.
Choice C. Metoprolol is wrong because it belongs to the class of drugs called beta blockers. Beta blockers work by blocking the effects of adrenaline and other hormones that stimulate the heart and blood vessels, causing them to beat slower and with less force. Beta blockers lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart.
Choice D. Amlodipine is wrong because it belongs to the class of drugs called calcium channel blockers. Calcium channel blockers work by blocking the entry of calcium into the muscle cells of the heart and blood vessels, causing them to relax and dilate. Calcium channel blockers lower blood pressure and improve blood flow to the heart.
Normal ranges for blood pressure vary depending on age, gender, and other factors, but generally, a systolic blood pressure (the top number) of less than 120 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number) of less than 80 mmHg are considered normal for adults. A blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg or higher is considered high and may require treatment with medication.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
This is because potassium sparing diuretics do not lower potassium levels in the blood, unlike other types of diuretics.Potassium is an essential electrolyte that serves nerve and muscular functions and is regulated by the kidneys.Low potassium levels can cause irregular heartbeats and other problems. Therefore, patients taking potassium sparing diuretics should avoid food sources that are high in potassium, such as bananas, avocados, spinach, and potatoes.
Choice A is wrong because thiazide diuretics, such as hydrochlorothiazide, can cause low potassium levels in the blood.
Patients taking thiazide diuretics may need to take potassium supplements or eat more potassium-rich foods to prevent hypokalemia.
Choice B is wrong because osmotic diuretics, such as mannitol, do not affect potassium levels in the blood.
They work by increasing the amount of water in the urine, but do not alter the electrolyte balance.
Osmotic diuretics are mainly used to treat cerebral edema and glaucoma.
Choice D is wrong because loop diuretics, such as furosemide, can also cause low potassium levels in the blood.
They work by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and water in the loop of Henle, a part of the kidney.
Loop diuretics are used to treat edema and heart failure.
Normal ranges for potassium in the blood are 3.5 to 5.0 millimoles per liter (mmol/L).
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Thiazide diuretics are sulfa-containing drugs and can cause allergic reactions in patients who are sensitive to sulfa compounds.These reactions can include headaches, rash, hives, swelling of the mouth and lips, wheezing or trouble breathing, asthma attack, and anaphylaxis.
Choice A is wrong because iodine is not a component of thiazide diuretics and is not related to sulfa allergy.
Choice B is wrong because latex is not a component of thiazide diuretics and is not related to sulfa allergy.
Choice C is wrong because shellfish is not a component of thiazide diuretics and is not related to sulfa allergy.
Shellfish allergy is usually caused by a protein called tropomyosin, not by iodine or sulfa compounds.
Thiazide diuretics are drugs that inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and water in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney, leading to increased urine output.They are used to treat hypertension, edema, heart failure, and some kidney diseases.Some examples of thiazide diuretics are hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, and indapamide.
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