Which of the following anti-hypertensive medication belongs to the ACE Inhibitors?
Lisinopril.
Candesartan.
Metoprolol.
Amlodipine.
The Correct Answer is A
Lisinopril belongs to the class of drugs called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. ACE inhibitors work by blocking the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a hormone that causes blood vessels to narrow and raise blood pressure. By inhibiting this enzyme, ACE inhibitors relax and widen the blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and improve blood flow to the heart and kidneys.
Choice B. Candesartan is wrong because it belongs to the class of drugs called angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). ARBs work by blocking the action of angiotensin II on its receptors, preventing it from causing blood vessel constriction and high blood pressure. ARBs are similar to ACE inhibitors in their effects, but they do not affect the enzyme or the level of bradykinin, a peptide that can cause cough and angioedema as side effects of ACE inhibitors.
Choice C. Metoprolol is wrong because it belongs to the class of drugs called beta blockers. Beta blockers work by blocking the effects of adrenaline and other hormones that stimulate the heart and blood vessels, causing them to beat slower and with less force. Beta blockers lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart.
Choice D. Amlodipine is wrong because it belongs to the class of drugs called calcium channel blockers. Calcium channel blockers work by blocking the entry of calcium into the muscle cells of the heart and blood vessels, causing them to relax and dilate. Calcium channel blockers lower blood pressure and improve blood flow to the heart.
Normal ranges for blood pressure vary depending on age, gender, and other factors, but generally, a systolic blood pressure (the top number) of less than 120 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number) of less than 80 mmHg are considered normal for adults. A blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg or higher is considered high and may require treatment with medication.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Terazosin is a medication that belongs to the class of alpha-adrenergic blockers, which relax the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck, making it easier to urinate.It also lowers blood pressure by relaxing the veins and arteries, allowing blood to flow more easily.Therefore, terazosin can cause dizziness or fainting, especially when getting up from a sitting or lying position.To prevent this, the patient should rise slowly and avoid standing for long periods or becoming overheated.
Choice B is wrong because terazosin is not a cure for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), but a symptom reliever.Stopping the medication may cause the urinary problems to return or worsen.
The patient should continue taking terazosin as prescribed by the doctor, unless advised otherwise.
Choice C is wrong because decreasing fluid intake may increase the risk of dehydration, urinary tract infections, bladder stones, and kidney problems.
The patient should drink enough fluids to stay hydrated and flush out the urinary system.
Choice D is wrong because grapefruit juice may interact with terazosin and increase its blood levels, leading to more side effects such as low blood pressure, drowsiness, or headache.
The patient should avoid drinking grapefruit juice while taking terazosin, or consult the doctor before doing so.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Bile acid-binding resins are cholesterol-lowering agents that bind to bile acids in the intestine and prevent their reabsorption. This reduces the amount of bile acids available for cholesterol synthesis in the liver, which lowers the levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood. However, bile acids are also needed for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K.Therefore, patients taking bile acid-binding resins may require supplements of these vitamins to prevent deficiency.
Choice A is wrong because nicotinic acid, or niacin, is a B vitamin that can lower cholesterol by limiting the production of fats in the liver.It does not affect the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
Choice B is wrong because nitroglycerin is not a cholesterol-lowering agent, but a vasodilator that relaxes the blood vessels and improves blood flow.It has no effect on fat-soluble vitamin absorption.
Choice D is wrong because beta blockers are not cholesterol-lowering agents, but drugs that lower blood pressure and heart rate by blocking the effects of adrenaline.They have no effect on fat-soluble vitamin absorption.
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