Which explanation should the nurse give to a male client on why benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) often causes urinary retention

The client's symptoms, along with the elevated serum amylase and lipase levels, suggest the development of acute pancreatitis as a postoperative complication. Here's a detailed explanation for why option A is the correct choice:

A) Acute pancreatitis:

Correct. Acute pancreatitis is characterized by inflammation of the pancreas, which can be triggered by various factors, including gallstones, alcohol consumption, and certain medications. In this case, the client's recent cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis (gallstones) may have led to the development of acute pancreatitis. The persistent upper abdominal pain radiating to the back, along with vomiting and fever, are classic symptoms of acute pancreatitis. Elevated serum amylase and lipase levels are common laboratory findings in acute pancreatitis due to pancreatic cell injury and leakage of these enzymes into the bloodstream.

B) Surgical site infection:

While surgical site infections are potential complications of cholecystectomy, the client's symptoms, including upper abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever, are more indicative of a systemic inflammatory process rather than localized infection at the surgical site.

C) Hepatorenal failure:

Hepatorenal failure, also known as hepatorenal syndrome, refers to kidney dysfunction that occurs as a complication of advanced liver disease. The client's symptoms and laboratory findings are not consistent with hepatorenal failure, as there are no signs of significant liver dysfunction or advanced liver disease.

D) Biliary duct obstruction:

While biliary duct obstruction can lead to symptoms similar to those of acute pancreatitis, such as upper abdominal pain and vomiting, the presence of elevated serum amylase and lipase levels strongly suggests pancreatic involvement rather than isolated biliary duct obstruction.

A) Deficiency of factors VIII or IX.

Hemophilia is a genetic disorder characterized by deficient or defective clotting factors, specifically factors VIII (hemophilia A) or IX (hemophilia B). These clotting factors are essential for the formation of stable blood clots. Therefore, if hemophilia is present, the deficiency of factors VIII or IX can lead to impaired clot formation and prolonged bleeding.

B) Diminished amount of vitamin K:

Vitamin K deficiency can lead to impaired blood clotting due to inadequate synthesis of clotting factors in the liver. However, hemophilia is specifically associated with deficiencies in factors VIII or IX, not vitamin K.

C) Decreased amount of platelets:

Platelets play a crucial role in primary hemostasis and initial platelet plug formation at the site of vascular injury. While decreased platelet count or dysfunction can lead to bleeding disorders such as thrombocytopenia or platelet function disorders, hemophilia specifically involves deficiencies in clotting factors, not platelets.

D) Missing factors V and VII:

Factor V and VII are other clotting factors involved in the coagulation cascade, but they are not deficient in hemophilia. Hemophilia is specifically characterized by deficiencies in factors VIII (hemophilia A) or IX (hemophilia B).