Which diagnostic test is commonly used to confirm the diagnosis of diabetes insipidus (DI) and distinguish between central and nephrogenic DI?
Blood glucose test.
Serum electrolyte panel.
Urine osmolality.
Water deprivation test.
The Correct Answer is D
The water deprivation test is commonly used to diagnose diabetes insipidus and differentiate between central and nephrogenic DI. During this test, the client is deprived of fluids while their urine output and concentration are monitored.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. Blood glucose testing is used to diagnose diabetes mellitus, not diabetes insipidus.
b. This choice is incorrect. A serum electrolyte panel may provide information about electrolyte imbalances, but it is not the primary diagnostic test for diabetes insipidus.
c. This choice is incorrect. Urine osmolality may be measured as part of the diagnostic evaluation for diabetes insipidus, but it is not the primary diagnostic test.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Desmopressin (DDAVP) is a synthetic form of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) that is commonly used to manage diabetes insipidus by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys and reducing urine output.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. Limiting fluid intake to 500 mL per day is not a typical management approach for diabetes insipidus. Adequate fluid intake is necessary to prevent dehydration.
b. This choice is incorrect. Administering hypertonic saline solution is not a standard treatment for diabetes insipidus and may worsen fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
c. This choice is incorrect. Encouraging excessive fluid consumption is not a suitable approach for managing diabetes insipidus, as it can exacerbate fluid loss.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Diabetes insipidus is primarily caused by the hyposecretion or inadequate release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin. ADH is responsible for regulating water balance by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. Overproduction of ADH would lead to excessive water reabsorption and concentrated urine, which is not characteristic of diabetes insipidus.
c. This choice is incorrect. Hypersecretion of aldosterone would lead to sodium retention and increased fluid volume, which is not characteristic of diabetes insipidus.
d. This choice is incorrect. Impaired function of the thyroid gland would lead to thyroid-related disorders, not diabetes insipidus.
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