Which type of diabetes insipidus is caused by trauma, surgery, or other factors that disrupt the production or release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Central diabetes insipidus.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Neurogenic diabetes insipidus.
Type 2 diabetes insipidus.
The Correct Answer is A
Central diabetes insipidus is caused by trauma, surgery, or other factors that affect the production or release of ADH from the hypothalamus or pituitary gland.
Incorrect choices:
b. This choice is incorrect. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is characterized by a lack of response to ADH by the kidneys.
c. This choice is incorrect. Neurogenic diabetes insipidus is not a recognized classification of diabetes insipidus.
d. This choice is incorrect. Type 2 diabetes insipidus is not a recognized classification of diabetes insipidus.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
In diabetes insipidus, the hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) leads to decreased water reabsorption in the kidneys, resulting in increased urine output. The urine produced is dilute and lacks the normal concentration of solutes.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. Urine output increases, but it becomes dilute, not concentrated.
c. This choice is incorrect. Urine output increases, and the urine becomes dilute, not concentrated.
d. This choice is incorrect. Urine output increases, but it becomes dilute, not concentrated.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The desmopressin stimulation test involves administering synthetic ADH (desmopressin) to assess the response of the kidneys and differentiate between central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. The glucose tolerance test is used to diagnose diabetes mellitus, not diabetes insipidus.
b. This choice is incorrect. A serum electrolyte panel provides information about electrolyte levels but is not specific to diabetes insipidus diagnosis.
c. This choice is incorrect. The water deprivation test, not the desmopressin stimulation test, is used to diagnose diabetes insipidus and assess the ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine.
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