Which clinical manifestation of diabetes mellitus results from chronic hyperglycemia damaging small blood vessels and nerves?

Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

Blurred vision and vision loss.

Impaired wound healing and increased susceptibility to infections.

Numbness, tingling, and pain in the extremities.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus can lead to damage of small blood vessels and nerves, resulting in neuropathy characterized by numbness, tingling, and pain in the extremities.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain are not typically manifestations of neuropathy in diabetes mellitus.

b. This choice is incorrect. Blurred vision and vision loss are associated with diabetic retinopathy, a microvascular complication, not nerve damage.

c. This choice is incorrect. Impaired wound healing and increased susceptibility to infections are related to the effects of hyperglycemia on blood flow and immune function, rather than nerve damage.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test measures the percentage of hemoglobin that is glycated, reflecting average blood glucose levels over the past 2 to 3 months. It is a valuable tool for assessing long-term glycemic control.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. The fasting blood glucose test measures blood glucose levels after an overnight fast and provides a snapshot of current glucose levels, rather than long-term control.

b. This choice is incorrect. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) measures how the body responds to a glucose load and is used to diagnose diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance, rather than monitor long-term control.

d. This choice is incorrect. The C-peptide test is used to assess insulin production by measuring the level of C-peptide, a byproduct of insulin production.

A. Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. B. Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. C. Blurred vision and vision loss. D. Impaired wound healing and increased susceptibility to infections.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Long-standing hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus can lead to impaired wound healing, as high blood sugar levels affect blood flow and immune function, increasing the risk of infections.

Incorrect choices:

a. This choice is incorrect. Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia are the "three P's" associated with diabetes-related hyperglycemia.

b. This choice is incorrect. Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain are not typically related to long-standing hyperglycemia in diabetes.

c. This choice is incorrect. Blurred vision and vision loss are manifestations of diabetic retinopathy, a microvascular complication, rather than impaired wound healing.

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Which clinical manifestation of diabetes mellitus results from chronic hyperglycemia damaging small blood vessels and nerves?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which laboratory test is commonly used to monitor long-term glycemic control in individuals with diabetes mellitus by measuring average blood glucose levels over the past 2 to 3 months?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which clinical manifestation of diabetes mellitus is related to long-standing hyperglycemia and may result in slow wound healing and frequent infections?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which treatment approach involves delivering a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion using an insulin pump and providing bolus doses before meals to mimic physiologic insulin secretion?

The nurse is providing education to a client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further clarification?

Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, plays a key role in regulating blood glucose levels by facilitating glucose uptake into cells and promoting its storage as glycogen in the liver and muscles?

Which clinical manifestation is often referred to as the "three P's" of diabetes mellitus?

The nurse is teaching a client with diabetes about the importance of blood sugar monitoring. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further clarification?

Which of the following is a potential consequence of prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus?

Which statement about type 2 diabetes mellitus is accurate?

Which medication works by increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, facilitating glucose uptake by cells, and is commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus?