Which client would have been most likely to receive care from the Frontier Nursing Service?

A child with a broken femur

An injured soldier

A woman in labor

A homebound, elderly male

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: A child with a broken femur needs orthopedic care, often hospital-based. Frontier Nursing Service focused on rural midwifery and primary care, not specialized trauma, making this less likely as their core mission targeted maternal and child health primarily and historically here.

Choice B reason: An injured soldier typically received military medical care, not civilian services like Frontier Nursing. This group, founded in 1925, served rural Appalachian families, especially women and children, not battlefield injuries, distinguishing their community focus clearly and consistently overall.

Choice C reason: Frontier Nursing Service, started by Mary Breckinridge, specialized in midwifery for rural women in labor. Delivering babies in remote areas was their hallmark, using nurse-midwives to reduce maternal mortality, making this their most likely client historically and operationally in practice fully.

Choice D reason: A homebound elderly male might receive general care, but Frontier Nursing prioritized maternal and infant health. Their focus on childbirth and family care in rural settings made laboring women their primary clients, not elderly chronic care, distinguishing their mission distinctly here.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Prevalence measures all cases (new and existing) of a disease in a population at a given time. This formula captures total burden, like diabetes cases, divided by population, adjusted by a base (e.g., 1000), reflecting overall disease presence accurately.

Choice B reason: This formula calculates sensitivity, not prevalence. It’s used in diagnostics to assess true positive rates for diseases like cancer against missed cases, focusing on test accuracy, not the total number of affected individuals in a population over time.

Choice C reason: This represents specificity, evaluating true negatives in diagnostic testing, not prevalence. It’s relevant for ruling out disease, like tuberculosis, but doesn’t quantify how many people currently have it within a population, missing the broader epidemiological scope entirely.

Choice D reason: This defines incidence, not prevalence, counting only new cases over time, like annual flu cases. It excludes existing cases, underrepresenting the total disease load in a population, which prevalence aims to capture comprehensively for health planning.

A. "A diagnosis of HIV is made when CD4 T-lymphocytes drop to less than 30 cells/mm." B. "A diagnosis of HIV is made when antibodies to HIV reach peak levels of 1000/ml of blood." C. "A diagnosis of HIV is made when a patient tests positive for Syphilis." D. "A diagnosis of HIV is made when antibodies to HIV are detected (seroconversion) about 6 weeks to 3 months following possible exposure."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: CD4 drop is AIDS, not HIV diagnosis. Seroconversion fits, per nursing. This errors in stage. It’s universally distinct.

Choice B reason: Antibody levels aren’t quantified at 1000/ml for diagnosis. Seroconversion is correct, per standards. This misaligns with facts. It’s universally distinct.

Choice C reason: Syphilis is unrelated; HIV diagnosis uses antibodies. This errors per nursing knowledge. It’s universally distinct, wrong disease.

Choice D reason: HIV diagnosis detects antibodies during seroconversion, 6 weeks to 3 months. This aligns with nursing standards. It’s universally accurate, distinctly true.

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Which client would have been most likely to receive care from the Frontier Nursing Service?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which formula should be used to calculate a prevalence rate?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A student asks the nurse at the student health clinic how HIV is diagnosed. Which of the following statements would be the best response by the nurse?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The occupational health nurse holds a flu vaccine clinic. This is an example of which level of prevention?

The public health nurse understands that which of the following is the number one cause of death worldwide?

A Spanish-speaking family comes to the public health department. No one in the family speaks English, and nobody at the health department speaks Spanish. Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse?

A school nurse asks a class about the ways HIV can be transmitted. Which of the following comments by a student indicates a need for additional teaching?

When assessing a patient’s eating habits, the nurse should ask which of the following?

A nurse advises a client with osteoporosis to have three servings of milk or dairy products daily. Which of the following levels of prevention is being used by the nurse?

The public health nurse has an understanding that ensuring there is a competent public health workforce when working with vulnerable populations is which of the following public health core functions?

A school nurse wants to decrease the incidence of obesity in elementary school children. Which of the following describes a secondary prevention intervention that the nurse could implement?