Which client exhibits signs and symptoms of delirium and not dementia or depression?
The onset is sudden and acute
The client's ability to perform ADLs is intact.
The cognitive changes are hidden by the client
The client demonstrates apathetic demeanor or flat affect
The Correct Answer is A
A. Delirium is characterized by a sudden onset of confusion and changes in mental status, often occurring over a short period (hours to days). This contrasts with dementia, which has a gradual onset and progressive decline in cognitive function over months or years.
B. In delirium, the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) is often affected because cognitive and attentional impairments can interfere with daily functioning. In contrast, early stages of dementia may still allow for relatively intact ADLs, and in depression, ADLs might be affected due to lack of motivation or energy rather than cognitive impairment.
C. Delirium typically involves visible, pronounced cognitive changes and fluctuating levels of awareness and attention. Clients with delirium usually exhibit overt confusion and disorientation. In contrast, in dementia, cognitive changes are progressive and become more apparent over time.
D. An apathetic demeanor or flat affect is more commonly associated with depression, where mood disturbances such as sadness, lack of motivation, and diminished emotional expression are prevalent. Dementia might also involve changes in affect, but apathy and flat affect are not distinguishing features of delirium.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","D"]
Explanation
A. Open and honest communication about suicide can be therapeutic and help prevent suicide attempts.
B. Depression is a significant mental health condition often linked to suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
C. Socioeconomic factors can contribute to mental health issues but suicide is a complex issue affecting people from all socioeconomic backgrounds.
D. Giving away important possessions can be a warning sign, as individuals may feel they won't need their belongings anymore.
E. All suicidal threats should be taken seriously, regardless of whether a specific method is mentioned.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. This is the primary goal of the first phase of depression treatment. It focuses on stabilizing the client's condition and alleviating the most distressing symptoms, such as sadness, loss of interest, and changes in sleep and appetite.
B. While medication is often part of the treatment plan, it's not the primary focus of the initial phase. The goal is to address the symptoms first.
C. This is more relevant to the later stages of treatment when the client's condition has stabilized.
D. This is too narrow a focus. The goal is to address the underlying depression and its associated symptoms, not just specific behaviors.
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