Which client exhibits signs and symptoms of delirium and not dementia or depression?

The onset is sudden and acute

The client's ability to perform ADLs is intact.

The cognitive changes are hidden by the client

The client demonstrates apathetic demeanor or flat affect

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Delirium is characterized by a sudden onset of confusion and changes in mental status, often occurring over a short period (hours to days). This contrasts with dementia, which has a gradual onset and progressive decline in cognitive function over months or years.
B.   In delirium, the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) is often affected because cognitive and attentional impairments can interfere with daily functioning. In contrast, early stages of dementia may still allow for relatively intact ADLs, and in depression, ADLs might be affected due to lack of motivation or energy rather than cognitive impairment.
C.   Delirium typically involves visible, pronounced cognitive changes and fluctuating levels of awareness and attention. Clients with delirium usually exhibit overt confusion and disorientation. In contrast, in dementia, cognitive changes are progressive and become more apparent over time.
D.   An apathetic demeanor or flat affect is more commonly associated with depression, where mood disturbances such as sadness, lack of motivation, and diminished emotional expression are prevalent. Dementia might also involve changes in affect, but apathy and flat affect are not distinguishing features of delirium.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Suicide rates do differ by gender and age but the statement about fathers and mothers does not align with typical statistics. Fathers and mothers are not usually the primary focus of such comparisons.
B. Statistics show that while women attempt suicide more frequently than men, men are more likely to complete suicide. This is often attributed to the methods used, as men typically choose more lethal means, resulting in higher completion rates.
C. Adolescent mothers and fathers are not typically the groups compared in this context. The frequency and success of suicide attempts are generally analyzed with a broader demographic perspective, not specifically focused on adolescent parents.
D. Adult men are more likely to complete suicide, but women generally attempt suicide more frequently than men. The completion rate for suicide is higher among men compared to women.

A. To prevent symptoms of toxicity B. To identify early signs and symptoms of relapse C. To establish baseline liver function tests D. To ensure the client is within the therapeutic range

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Lithium has a narrow therapeutic index, meaning the difference between a therapeutic dose and a toxic dose is small. Frequent monitoring allows for early detection of rising lithium levels, preventing toxicity.
B. While monitoring lithium levels is important for overall treatment, it's not primarily used to identify relapse.
C. Lithium primarily affects the kidneys, not the liver. Liver function tests are important for overall health monitoring but are not the primary reason for frequent lithium level checks.
D. While this is a goal, the primary reason for such frequent monitoring is to prevent toxicity, which can occur rapidly.

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Which client exhibits signs and symptoms of delirium and not dementia or depression?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Suicide is attempted three times more frequently by ________ but is more often successfully completed by ________

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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