Which client exhibits signs and symptoms of delirium and not dementia or depression?
The onset is sudden and acute
The client's ability to perform ADLs is intact.
The cognitive changes are hidden by the client
The client demonstrates apathetic demeanor or flat affect
The Correct Answer is A
A. Delirium is characterized by a sudden onset of confusion and changes in mental status, often occurring over a short period (hours to days). This contrasts with dementia, which has a gradual onset and progressive decline in cognitive function over months or years.
B. In delirium, the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) is often affected because cognitive and attentional impairments can interfere with daily functioning. In contrast, early stages of dementia may still allow for relatively intact ADLs, and in depression, ADLs might be affected due to lack of motivation or energy rather than cognitive impairment.
C. Delirium typically involves visible, pronounced cognitive changes and fluctuating levels of awareness and attention. Clients with delirium usually exhibit overt confusion and disorientation. In contrast, in dementia, cognitive changes are progressive and become more apparent over time.
D. An apathetic demeanor or flat affect is more commonly associated with depression, where mood disturbances such as sadness, lack of motivation, and diminished emotional expression are prevalent. Dementia might also involve changes in affect, but apathy and flat affect are not distinguishing features of delirium.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. This is a primary symptom of depression, not bipolar disorder. While bipolar disorder can include depressive episodes, it also involves periods of elevated mood.
B. This is more characteristic of a condition like anhedonia, often associated with depression, not bipolar disorder.
C. While anxiety can coexist with bipolar disorder, it's not a core symptom of the condition.
D. This is a hallmark symptom of bipolar disorder, specifically the manic or hypomanic phase.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. It is not the immediate priority during a panic attack. The client is currently in a state of heightened distress, and trying to teach new techniques at this moment may not be effective or practical.
B. Although administering PRN (as needed) antianxiety medication can be beneficial for managing symptoms, the immediate priority should be to ensure the client feels safe and supported. Medication may be used later in the process, but addressing the immediate needs and providing a calming environment is crucial first.
C. While understanding the client’s thought process can be helpful for therapeutic purposes and future treatment planning, asking about thoughts during an acute panic attack can be overwhelming and may not be the most supportive approach at that moment.
D. The first priority during a panic attack is to ensure the client feels safe and supported. Staying with the client in a quiet place helps reduce stimuli that could exacerbate the panic attack and provides reassurance.
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