Which client exhibits signs and symptoms of delirium and not dementia or depression?
The onset is sudden and acute
The client's ability to perform ADLs is intact.
The cognitive changes are hidden by the client
The client demonstrates apathetic demeanor or flat affect
The Correct Answer is A
A. Delirium is characterized by a sudden onset of confusion and changes in mental status, often occurring over a short period (hours to days). This contrasts with dementia, which has a gradual onset and progressive decline in cognitive function over months or years.
B. In delirium, the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) is often affected because cognitive and attentional impairments can interfere with daily functioning. In contrast, early stages of dementia may still allow for relatively intact ADLs, and in depression, ADLs might be affected due to lack of motivation or energy rather than cognitive impairment.
C. Delirium typically involves visible, pronounced cognitive changes and fluctuating levels of awareness and attention. Clients with delirium usually exhibit overt confusion and disorientation. In contrast, in dementia, cognitive changes are progressive and become more apparent over time.
D. An apathetic demeanor or flat affect is more commonly associated with depression, where mood disturbances such as sadness, lack of motivation, and diminished emotional expression are prevalent. Dementia might also involve changes in affect, but apathy and flat affect are not distinguishing features of delirium.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. This definition encompasses the broader concept of mental health, including emotional, psychological, and social well-being.
B. This definition is too narrow and doesn't capture the full spectrum of mental health.
C. This focuses on physical functioning rather than mental well-being.
D. This definition is focused on illness rather than overall mental health.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Assault is the threat of bodily harm. While using restraints might cause fear, it doesn't involve a threat of immediate harm.
B. This involves the unjustified restriction of a person's freedom of movement. Using restraints to prevent wandering when less restrictive measures haven't been exhausted might constitute false imprisonment.
C. Negligence is the failure to provide reasonable care. While using restraints inappropriately could be considered negligence, it's not the primary legal issue in this case.
D. Defamation involves damaging someone's reputation. This is not relevant to the situation.
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