Which client exhibits signs and symptoms of delirium and not dementia or depression?
The onset is sudden and acute
The client's ability to perform ADLs is intact.
The cognitive changes are hidden by the client
The client demonstrates apathetic demeanor or flat affect
The Correct Answer is A
A. Delirium is characterized by a sudden onset of confusion and changes in mental status, often occurring over a short period (hours to days). This contrasts with dementia, which has a gradual onset and progressive decline in cognitive function over months or years.
B. In delirium, the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) is often affected because cognitive and attentional impairments can interfere with daily functioning. In contrast, early stages of dementia may still allow for relatively intact ADLs, and in depression, ADLs might be affected due to lack of motivation or energy rather than cognitive impairment.
C. Delirium typically involves visible, pronounced cognitive changes and fluctuating levels of awareness and attention. Clients with delirium usually exhibit overt confusion and disorientation. In contrast, in dementia, cognitive changes are progressive and become more apparent over time.
D. An apathetic demeanor or flat affect is more commonly associated with depression, where mood disturbances such as sadness, lack of motivation, and diminished emotional expression are prevalent. Dementia might also involve changes in affect, but apathy and flat affect are not distinguishing features of delirium.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Clarification is a crucial listening skill that involves asking questions or seeking additional information to ensure understanding. Avoiding clarification to prevent interruption can lead to misunderstandings and incomplete communication.
B. While it is important to be attentive and present during communication, taking notes can be necessary to document important information. The key is to balance note-taking with active listening. If done discreetly, note-taking should not significantly detract from the ability to engage in effective listening.
C. Finishing the client’s sentences can be perceived as interruptive and may come across as disrespectful or dismissive. It is important for the client to express their thoughts and feelings fully before the nurse responds.
D. Changing the environment to minimize distractions is a valuable listening skill. A quiet and comfortable setting can enhance effective communication by allowing the client to focus and express themselves without external interruptions. This helps ensure that the nurse can fully concentrate on the client’s message and respond appropriately.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. This response is dismissive and doesn't address the client's feelings. It also implies that the client's absence will negatively impact the group, which is not helpful.
B. While this shows empathy, it doesn't address the client's reason for not wanting to attend the group.
C. This response acknowledges the client's feelings without being judgmental and opens a space for further communication.
D. This question might put the client on the defensive and can be perceived as challenging. It's important to create a safe and supportive environment for the client to express their feelings.
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