Which breakfast menu is most appropriate for a patient with diabetes?

Oatmeal with artificial sweetener, whole-grain toast, tea

Two eggs two strips of bacon, orange juice, coffee

One slice whole-grain toast with peanut butter, skim milk, orange juice

One half grapefruit, cranberry juice, bagel with sugar-free jelly

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Oatmeal is a good source of fiber, which can help manage blood sugar levels. Whole-grain toast provides complex carbohydrates and fiber, and using an artificial sweetener in oatmeal reduces sugar intake. Tea is a good beverage choice as it does not contain sugar or calories if not sweetened.
B. This option is less appropriate for a patient with diabetes. While eggs are a good source of protein, bacon is high in saturated fat and sodium, which is not ideal for cardiovascular health. Orange juice contains a high amount of natural sugar and can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose levels. Coffee is fine if consumed without sugar or high-fat creamers.
C. Whole-grain toast with peanut butter provides fiber, protein, and healthy fats, which are beneficial. Skim milk is a good source of calcium and protein. However, the inclusion of orange juice is problematic due to its high sugar content, which can spike blood sugar levels.

D. While grapefruit is a low-sugar fruit, cranberry juice often contains added sugars and can increase blood glucose levels. A bagel, even with sugar-free jelly, is high in refined carbohydrates, which can cause a rapid rise in blood sugar.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. This range is generally considered acceptable for most patients with COPD. It provides a balance between ensuring adequate oxygenation while avoiding the risk of oxygen toxicity. Oxygen saturation levels within this range can help alleviate symptoms of hypoxemia without causing hyperoxia.
B. Oxygen saturation levels below 90% can lead to significant hypoxemia and exacerbate respiratory distress in individuals with COPD. Maintaining oxygen saturation levels above 90% is typically recommended to prevent complications associated with hypoxemia.
C. This range is appropriate for some patients but it may not be ideal for all patients with COPD. Oxygen saturation levels at the higher end of this range (e.g., 100%) can increase the risk of oxygen toxicity in patients with COPD who retain carbon dioxide (CO2) due to their chronic respiratory condition.
D. Oxygen saturation levels within this range help to balance the need for oxygen supplementation with the risk of hyperoxia and oxygen toxicity. However, individual patient factors, such as the severity of COPD, baseline oxygen saturation levels, and comorbidities, should be considered when determining the target range for oxygen saturation.

A. "I can have 6 ounces of alcohol before bed, to help me sleep." B. "I will sleep on my stomach with my head flat." C. "I should elevate the head of the bed." D. "I will have a snack 1 hour before going to bed."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

C. Elevating the head of the bed can help reduce nighttime GERD symptoms. By elevating the head of the bed by about 6 to 8 inches (15 to 20 centimeters), gravity helps prevent stomach acid from refluxing into the esophagus while the individual is lying down. This position can alleviate symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and coughing during sleep.
A. Alcohol consumption, especially before bedtime, can exacerbate GERD symptoms. Alcohol relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), allowing stomach acid to reflux into the esophagus more easily.
B. Sleeping on the stomach with the head flat can worsen GERD symptoms. This position can increase pressure on the stomach and promote reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus. Sleeping on the stomach is generally not recommended for individuals with GERD.
D. Eating a large meal or having a snack shortly before bedtime can increase the likelihood of GERD symptoms during sleep. It's generally recommended to avoid eating large meals or heavy snacks close to bedtime. Instead, individuals with GERD should aim to finish eating at least 2 to 3 hours before lying down to sleep.

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Which breakfast menu is most appropriate for a patient with diabetes?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

What is the desired peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (Spo2) level in the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) about minimizing the effects of reflux during sleep. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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