Which breakfast menu is most appropriate for a patient with diabetes?

Oatmeal with artificial sweetener, whole-grain toast, tea

Two eggs two strips of bacon, orange juice, coffee

One slice whole-grain toast with peanut butter, skim milk, orange juice

One half grapefruit, cranberry juice, bagel with sugar-free jelly

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Oatmeal is a good source of fiber, which can help manage blood sugar levels. Whole-grain toast provides complex carbohydrates and fiber, and using an artificial sweetener in oatmeal reduces sugar intake. Tea is a good beverage choice as it does not contain sugar or calories if not sweetened.
B. This option is less appropriate for a patient with diabetes. While eggs are a good source of protein, bacon is high in saturated fat and sodium, which is not ideal for cardiovascular health. Orange juice contains a high amount of natural sugar and can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose levels. Coffee is fine if consumed without sugar or high-fat creamers.
C. Whole-grain toast with peanut butter provides fiber, protein, and healthy fats, which are beneficial. Skim milk is a good source of calcium and protein. However, the inclusion of orange juice is problematic due to its high sugar content, which can spike blood sugar levels.

D. While grapefruit is a low-sugar fruit, cranberry juice often contains added sugars and can increase blood glucose levels. A bagel, even with sugar-free jelly, is high in refined carbohydrates, which can cause a rapid rise in blood sugar.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

C. This patient is at high risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia. After a splenectomy (removal of the spleen), patients may experience pain and discomfort, which can make them reluctant to perform necessary activities like coughing and deep breathing. These activities are crucial for preventing lung complications such as atelectasis and pneumonia.
A. This patient is actively using an incentive spirometer, which is a device that encourages deep breathing and helps keep the lungs clear. This practice significantly reduces the risk of developing pneumonia by preventing atelectasis (collapse of part of the lung) and promoting lung expansion.

B. This patient is out of bed and eating, which indicates they are relatively mobile and maintaining normal respiratory function. Rhinoplasty, a surgical procedure on the nose, generally does not impair lung function or significantly increase the risk of pneumonia. Being active and upright further reduces the risk of HAP.
D. This patient is actively ambulating, which is highly beneficial for lung function and overall recovery. Walking and moving around helps to prevent respiratory complications, including pneumonia, by promoting lung expansion and circulation.

A. Consumes spicy foods 5 to 8 times weekly B. History of ibuprofen use C. Drinks green tea D. History of bulimia

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including ibuprofen, are known to increase the risk of peptic ulcer formation by disrupting the protective mucosal barrier of the stomach and duodenum.
Long-term or frequent use of NSAIDs can lead to mucosal damage and ulceration.
A. Consuming spicy foods frequently may irritate the lining of the stomach and increase the risk of developing peptic ulcers. However, the number of consumed meals is not specific to the risl of peptic ulcer formation.
C. Green tea consumption is generally not considered a significant risk factor for peptic ulcers. In fact, some studies suggest that compounds found in green tea may have protective effects against the development of peptic ulcers and may help reduce the risk of H. pylori infection, a common cause of ulcers.
D. Bulimia, an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging behaviors such as vomiting, is a risk factor for peptic ulcers. The repeated exposure of stomach acid to the esophagus and stomach lining due to vomiting can lead to inflammation and ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.

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Which breakfast menu is most appropriate for a patient with diabetes?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which patient does the LPN/LVN identify at high risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has a peptic ulcer. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a risk factor for this condition?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about dietary recommendations for a client who has a hiatal hernia. Which of the following client statements indicate understanding of the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

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The nurse is caring for a patient with pneumonia. Which lab abnormality is most concerning?

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The LPN/LVN is providing teaching for a patient with type 2 diabetes. Which statement indicates an understanding by the patient?

The nurse is preparing to teach about the long-term complications for patients diagnosed with diabetes. Which finding is accurate?

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A newly diagnosed patient asks the nurse to explain asthma. Which of the following explanations by the nurse is correct?