Which agent is preferred for the initial treatment of heart failure?
Vasodilators
Diuretics
Calcium channel blockers
Direct renin inhibitors
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: This is not the preferred agent for the initial treatment of heart failure. Vasodilators are a class of medications that lower the blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels and reducing the resistance to blood flow. They can be used to treat hypertension, angina, and heart failure, but they are usually added to other medications, such as diuretics or beta blockers, to improve the symptoms and outcomes.
Choice B reason: This is the preferred agent for the initial treatment of heart failure. Diuretics are a class of medications that increase the urine output and reduce the fluid retention in the body. They can be used to treat hypertension, edema, and heart failure, as they reduce the preload and afterload on the heart, and decrease the pulmonary congestion and peripheral edema.
Choice C reason: This is not the preferred agent for the initial treatment of heart failure. Calcium channel blockers are a class of medications that lower the blood pressure and heart rate by blocking the calcium channels in the heart and blood vessels, which cause vasodilation and reduced cardiac contractility. They can be used to treat hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias, but they are not recommended for most patients with heart failure, as they may worsen the cardiac function and increase the mortality.
Choice D reason: This is not the preferred agent for the initial treatment of heart failure. Direct renin inhibitors are a class of medications that lower the blood pressure by inhibiting the enzyme renin, which initiates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormonal pathway that regulates the blood pressure and fluid balance. They can be used to treat hypertension, but they have not been proven to be effective or safe for patients with heart failure.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is not a sign of left-sided heart failure. Jugular vein distension is a sign of right-sided heart failure, which occurs when the right ventricle fails to pump blood effectively to the lungs.
Choice B reason: This is not a sign of left-sided heart failure. Increased blood pressure is a risk factor for developing heart failure, but it does not indicate the severity or location of the heart failure.
Choice C reason: This is not a sign of left-sided heart failure. Hepatomegaly is a sign of right-sided heart failure, which occurs when the right ventricle fails to pump blood effectively to the systemic circulation.
Choice D reason: This is a sign of left-sided heart failure. Decreased urine output is a result of reduced renal perfusion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to pump blood effectively to the aorta and the rest of the body.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Use of accessory breathing muscles is a sign of respiratory distress and increased work of breathing. Accessory muscles are the muscles of the neck, chest, and abdomen that assist the diaphragm and intercostal muscles in breathing. They are normally not used for breathing, but they are recruited when the airway is obstructed or the lung function is impaired.
Choice B reason: Foul-smelling sputum is not a sign of an acute asthma episode. It is a sign of a bacterial infection or a lung abscess. Sputum is the mucus that is coughed up from the lungs. It can have different colors, textures, and odors depending on the cause and severity of the condition.
Choice C reason: Feeling of chest tightness is a sign of an acute asthma episode. It is caused by the bronchoconstriction, or the narrowing of the airways, that occurs during an asthma attack. It can also be accompanied by pain or pressure in the chest.
Choice D reason: Coughing is a sign of an acute asthma episode. It is a reflex action that tries to clear the airways of mucus, irritants, or foreign particles. It can also be triggered by the inflammation and hypersensitivity of the airways that occur during an asthma attack.
Choice E reason: Expiratory wheezing is a sign of an acute asthma episode. It is a high-pitched whistling sound that is heard when the person exhales. It is caused by the turbulent flow of air through the narrowed airways. It can also be heard on inspiration, but it is more prominent on expiration.
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