The nurse is providing instruction to a patient who was recently prescribed an ACE inhibitor for hypertension. Which is an adverse effect of this medication?

Constipation

Hypokalemia

Chronic cough

Nervousness

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: This is not an adverse effect of ACE inhibitors. Constipation is a common side effect of opioid medications, which slow down the intestinal motility and cause hard stools.

Choice B reason: This is not an adverse effect of ACE inhibitors. Hypokalemia is a low level of potassium in the blood, which can be caused by diuretic medications, such as furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide, which increase the urine output and potassium excretion.

Choice C reason: This is an adverse effect of ACE inhibitors. Chronic cough is a dry, persistent cough that occurs in some patients taking ACE inhibitors, due to the accumulation of bradykinin, a substance that causes inflammation and irritation in the respiratory tract.

Choice D reason: This is not an adverse effect of ACE inhibitors. Nervousness is a common side effect of stimulant medications, such as caffeine or amphetamine, which increase the activity of the central nervous system and cause anxiety, agitation, and insomnia.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is not a correct statement. LABAs stand for long-acting beta2-agonists, which are a class of medications that relax the smooth muscles of the airways and improve the airflow in patients with asthma or COPD. However, LABAs do not reduce the risk of asthma-related deaths, and may even increase it if used alone without an inhaled glucocorticoid, which is a type of anti-inflammatory medication.

Choice B reason: This is not a correct statement. LABAs cannot be used on an as-needed basis to treat symptoms, as they have a slow onset of action and a long duration of effect. LABAs are meant to be used as a maintenance therapy to prevent asthma exacerbations, not to relieve acute symptoms. For quick relief of symptoms, patients should use a short-acting beta2-agonist, such as albuterol or salbutamol.

Choice C reason: This is not a correct statement. LABAs are not safer than short-acting beta2 agonists, as they have similar side effects, such as tachycardia, tremors, and hypokalemia. LABAs also have a black box warning that they may increase the risk of asthma-related deaths if used without an inhaled glucocorticoid.

Choice D reason: This is the correct statement. LABAs should be combined with an inhaled glucocorticoid, as this combination has been shown to improve the asthma control, reduce the frequency and severity of exacerbations, and decrease the inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. The inhaled glucocorticoid also reduces the risk of adverse effects and mortality associated with LABAs.

A. Jugular vein distension. B. Increased blood pressure. C. Hepatomegaly. D. Decreased urine output.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is not a sign of left-sided heart failure. Jugular vein distension is a sign of right-sided heart failure, which occurs when the right ventricle fails to pump blood effectively to the lungs.

Choice B reason: This is not a sign of left-sided heart failure. Increased blood pressure is a risk factor for developing heart failure, but it does not indicate the severity or location of the heart failure.

Choice C reason: This is not a sign of left-sided heart failure. Hepatomegaly is a sign of right-sided heart failure, which occurs when the right ventricle fails to pump blood effectively to the systemic circulation.

Choice D reason: This is a sign of left-sided heart failure. Decreased urine output is a result of reduced renal perfusion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to pump blood effectively to the aorta and the rest of the body.

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The nurse is providing instruction to a patient who was recently prescribed an ACE inhibitor for hypertension. Which is an adverse effect of this medication?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient with persistent, frequent asthma exacerbations asks a nurse about a long-acting beta2-agonist medication. What will the nurse tell this patient?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A patient newly diagnosed with left-sided heart failure is admitted to the hospital. The nurse will observe this patient closely for:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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